Concept explainers
Interpretation:
In compounds A and B, the
Concept Introduction:
The molecules which are non-superimposable or not identical with its mirror image are known as chiral molecules.
The pair of two mirror images which are non-identical are known as enantiomers and these are optically active.
The enantiomers, in which the path traced from the highest
The enantiomers, in which the path traced from the highest atomic number to the lowest atomic number is in the clockwise direction, are designated as
The objects or molecules which are superimposable with its mirror images are achiral objects or molecules and these objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.
The achiral compounds in which the plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive.
The stereoformula which is depicted in two dimensions, in which stereochemical information is not destroyed, is determined by the Fisher Projection formula.
The stereoisomers which are non-superimposable on each other and not mirror images of each other are known as diastereomers.
Chiral molecules are capable of rotating plane polarized light
The molecules which are superimposable or identical with their mirror images are known as achiral molecules, and achiral molecules are not capable of rotating the plane-polarised light.
Plane of symmetry is the plane that bisects the molecule in two equal halves, such that they are mirror images of each other.
Compounds having plane of symmetry are usually achiral as they do not have different atoms around the central carbon atom.
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Organic Chemistry
- Drawn are four isomeric dimethylcyclopropane. a. How are the compounds in each pair related (enantiomers, diastereomers,constitutional isomers): A and B; A and C; B and C; C and D?b. Label each compound as chiral or achiral.c. Which compounds, alone, would be optically active?d. Which compounds have a plane of symmetry?e. Which of the compounds are meso compounds?f. Would an equal mixture of compounds C and D be optically active? Whatabout an equal mixture of B and C?g. How many stereogenic centers are there for each compound?arrow_forwardPart B. Mark each chirality center in each molecule with an asterisk (*). Illustrate onto the image Cannot be hand-drawnarrow_forwardDetermine the configuration of each stereogenic center in the compound below. Highlight the carbon in red if the configuration is R, and in blue if the configuration is S.arrow_forward
- Assign R and S to all of the asymmetric centers and give the proper IUPAC name for the following compound.arrow_forwardAdd wedges and dashed wedges for all stereogenic centers with the following information: the configuration at C10 is R, the configuration at C13 is S, and all substituents at ring fusions are trans to each other.arrow_forwardThe following are representations of two forms of glucose. The six-membered ring is known to exist in a chair conformation in each form. Draw clear representations of the most stable conformation of each. Are they two different conformations of the same molecule, or are they stereoisomers that cannot be interconverted by rotation about single bonds? Which substituents (if any) occupy axial sites?arrow_forward
- Pyrethrin II and pyrethrosin are two natural products isolated from plants of the chrysanthemum family. Pyrethrin II is a natural insecticide and is marketed as such. Q, Show that the bicyclic ring system of pyrethrosin is composed of three isoprene units.arrow_forwardPyrethrin II and pyrethrosin are two natural products isolated from plants of the chrysanthemum family. Pyrethrin II is a natural insecticide and is marketed as such. Q,)State the number of stereoisomers possible for each molecule.arrow_forwardDraw a three-dimensional structure of a chiral compound with the molecular formula of C4H4Cl2 that does not have a stereogenic carbon. In addition, draw the enantiomer of this compound.arrow_forward
- Draw the 2 chair conformers of the enantiomer of Compound XI.arrow_forwardExemestane (trade name Aromasin) is a drug used to treat breast cancer. Locate the stereogenic centers in exemestane and draw the enantiomer.arrow_forwardA limited number of chiral compounds having no stereogenic centersexist. For example, although A is achiral, constitutional isomer B ischiral. Make models and explain this observation. Compoundscontaining two double bonds that share a single carbon atom are calledallenes. Locate the allene in the antibiotic mycomycin and decidewhether mycomycin is chiral or achiral.arrow_forward
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