Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The Fischer projection structure of
Concept introduction:
Fischer projections are used to represent the configurations about asymmetric carbons in a molecule. Perpendicular intersecting lines represent a carbon atom from the longest carbon chain. The bonds between carbon atoms from this chain are represented by vertical lines. Bonds to the two groups attached to each carbon are represented by horizontal lines. Horizontal bonds point toward the viewer whereas vertical bonds point away from the viewer.
The Fischer projections of the isomers of glyceraldehyde gives, the D/L system of classification of carbohydrates. If the location of the
D and L sugars are isomers of each other.
Epimers are isomers that differ in configuration at only one asymmetric carbon.
(b)
Interpretation:
The Fischer projection structure of L-arabinose is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Fischer projections are used to represent the configurations about asymmetric carbons in a molecule. Perpendicular intersecting lines represent a carbon atom from the longest carbon chain. The bonds between carbon atoms from this chain are represented by vertical lines. Bonds to the two groups attached to each carbon are represented by horizontal lines. Horizontal bonds point toward the viewer whereas vertical bonds point away from the viewer.
The Fischer projections of the isomers of glyceraldehyde gives, the D/L system of classification of carbohydrates. If the location of the
D and L sugars are isomers of each other.
Epimers are isomers that differ in configuration at only one asymmetric carbon.
(c)
Interpretation:
The Fischer projection of
Concept introduction:
Fischer projections are used to represent the configurations about asymmetric carbons in a molecule. Perpendicular intersecting lines represent a carbon atom from the longest carbon chain. The bonds between carbon atoms from this chain are represented by vertical lines. Bonds to the two groups attached to each carbon are represented by horizontal lines. Horizontal bonds point toward the viewer whereas vertical bonds point away from the viewer.
The Fischer projections of the isomers of glyceraldehyde gives, the D/L system of classification of carbohydrates. If the location of the
D and L sugars are isomers of each other.
Epimers are isomers that differ in configuration at only one asymmetric carbon.
(d)
Interpretation:
The Fischer projection structure of C2 epimer of
Concept introduction:
The pair of stereoisomers is nothing but Epimers. Epimers are isomers that shows difference in the configuration at only one chiral centre.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E-BOOK W/SMARTWORK5
- 5-Deoxyglucose will close to a?arrow_forwardDraw the following monosaccharides, using chair conformations for the pyranoses andHaworth projections for the furanoses.(a) a-d-mannopyranose (C2 epimer of glucose)arrow_forwardAllose is the C3 epimer of glucose. Draw the cyclic hemiacetal form of d-allose, first inthe chair conformation and then in the Haworth projectionarrow_forward
- D-Tagatose is epimeric of D-Fructose at C4. What is the structure of α-D-Tagatofuranose?arrow_forwardDraw the β anomer of a monosaccharide epimeric with D-glucose at C2 using a Haworth projection.arrow_forwardDraw the following monosaccharides, using chair conformations for the pyranoses andHaworth projections for the furanoses.(a) a-d-mannopyranose (C2 epimer of glucose)(b) b-d-galactopyranose (C4 epimer of glucose)(c) b-d-allopyranose (C3 epimer of glucose)(d) a-d-arabinofuranose(e) b-d-ribofuranose (C2 epimer of arabinose)arrow_forward
- Draw the Fischer projection of the product of the reduction reaction of D-Talose at C1C1. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.arrow_forwardDraw the following monosaccharides, using chair conformations for the pyranoses andHaworth projections for the furanoses. ) b-d-galactopyranose (C4 epimer of glucose)arrow_forwardDraw the cyclic hemiacetal forms of d-mannose and d-galactose both as chair conformations and as Haworth projections. Mannose is the C2 epimer of glucose, and galactoseis the C4 epimer of glucose.arrow_forward
- Illustrate (hand-drawn) the mechanism of intrahemiacetal or intrahemiketal formation in the following monosaccharides and identify/draw the possible products of these reactions. A. D-talose B. D-fructosearrow_forwardAs we have seen in monosaccharides can be drawn in avariety of ways, and in truth, often a mixture of cyclic compounds ispresent in a solution. Identify each monosaccharide, including its properD,L designation, drawn in a less-than-typical fashion.arrow_forwardRaffinose is a trisaccharide (C18H32O16) isolated from cottonseed meal. Raffinose doesnot reduce Tollens reagent, and it does not mutarotate. Complete hydrolysis of raffinosegives d-glucose, d-fructose, and d-galactose. When raffinose is treated with invertase,the products are d-fructose and a reducing disaccharide called melibiose. Raffinose isunaffected by treatment with a b@galactosidase, but an a@galactosidase hydrolyzes itto d-galactose and sucrose. When raffinose is treated with dimethyl sulfate and basefollowed by hydrolysis, the products are 2,3,4-tri-O-methylglucose, 1,3,4,6-tetraO-methylfructose, and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methylgalactose. Determine the completestructures of raffinose and melibiose, and give a systematic name for melibiose.arrow_forward