Interpretation:
The p orbitals present in given allyl cation should be sketched and the bonding should be described using the valence bond model for
Concept Introduction:
Sigma (σ) bonds: The bonds in which shared hybrid orbital’s electron density are concentrated along the internuclear axis and it is represented as the single bond between atoms in molecules.
Pi (π) bonds: the bonds in which shared unhybridized orbital’s (p, d, etc) electron density are concentrated in above and below of the plane of the molecule.
Double bonds: One sigma bond and one pi bond are together known as a double bond.
Molecular orbital theory:
The atomic orbitals of the atoms constituted in a molecule are combined to produce new orbitals are called Molecular Orbitals.
Like atomic orbitals, a molecular orbital can accommodate maximum two electrons and the two electrons must have opposite spins (Pauli Exclusion Principle).
The numbers of MO’s are equals to the number of atomic orbitals are combined in such a way that the linear combination of similar atomic orbitals to form one bonding and one anti-bonding MO’s.
The bonding MO’s are lower in energy than the anti-bonding MO’s.
HOMO is the highest energized occupied orbital in the MO’s.
Relative energy levels of molecules are according to the energy levels of atomic orbitals.
LUMO is the lowest energized orbital in the MO’s.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
- In the molecular orbital mode l, compare and contrast bonds with bonds. What orbitals form the bonds and what orbitals form the bonds? Assume the z-axis is the internuclear axis.arrow_forwardUse MO theory to predict the bond order and the number of unpaired electrons in the super-oxide ion, , and the peroxide ion, .arrow_forwardConsidering only the molecular orbitals formed by combinations of the 2s atomic orbitals, how many molecular orbitals can be formed by 1000 Li atoms? In the lowest energy state, how many of these orbitals will be populated by pairs of electrons and how many will be empty?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax