General Chemistry: Atoms First
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809261
Author: John E. McMurry, Robert C. Fay
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5.4, Problem 5.7P
Describe the hybridization of each carbon atom in lactic acid, a metabolite formed in tired muscles. Tell what kinds of orbitals on each atom overlap to form the C─C, C─O, and C─H bonds, and draw the overall shape of the molecule.
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General Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 5.1 - Predict the shapes of the following molecules or...Ch. 5.1 - Acetic acid, CH3CO2H, is the main organic...Ch. 5.1 - Benzene, C6H6, is a cyclic molecule in which all...Ch. 5.1 - What is the geometrical arrangement of charge...Ch. 5.3 - Describe the bonding in propane, C3H8, a fuel...Ch. 5.4 - Describe the hybridization of the carbon atom in...Ch. 5.4 - Describe the hybridization of each carbon atom in...Ch. 5.4 - Describe the hybridization of the carbon atom in...Ch. 5.4 - Describe the hybridization of the carbon atom in...Ch. 5.4 - Describe the hybridization of the carbon atom in...
Ch. 5.4 - Identify each of the following sets of hybrid...Ch. 5.4 - The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a...Ch. 5.5 - Construct an MO diagram for the He2+ ion. Is this...Ch. 5.6 - The B2 and C2 molecules have MO diagrams similar...Ch. 5.7 - Draw two electron-dot resonance structures for the...Ch. 5.7 - Why is molecular shape so important in biological...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 5.17CPCh. 5 - What is the geometry around the central atom in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.19CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.20CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.21CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.22CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.26SPCh. 5 - How many charge clouds are there around central...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.28SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29SPCh. 5 - What shape do you expect for each of the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.31SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.32SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.33SPCh. 5 - What bond angles do you expect for each of the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.35SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.36SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38SPCh. 5 - A potential replacement for the chlorofluorocarbon...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.40SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43SPCh. 5 - What hybridization do you expect for atoms that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.45SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.46SPCh. 5 - What hybridization would you expect for the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.48SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.49SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.50SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.51SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.52SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.54SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.55SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.56SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.57SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.59SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.60SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61SPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62CHPCh. 5 - The following molecular model is a representation...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.64CHPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65CHPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.66CHPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.67CHPCh. 5 - Calcium carbide, CaC2, reacts with water to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.69CHPCh. 5 - The N2O5 molecule has six NO bonds and two NO ...Ch. 5 - In the cyanate ion, OCN, carbon is the central...Ch. 5 - Aspirin has the following connections among atoms....Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.73CHPCh. 5 - At high temperatures, sulfur vapor is...Ch. 5 - Carbon monoxide is produced by incomplete...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.76CHPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.77CHPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.78CHPCh. 5 - The diatomic cyanide ion (CN) and nitrosonium ion...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.80MPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.81MPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.82MP
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- Draw the Lewis structure for 1, 1-dimethylhydrazine [(CH3)2NNH2, a compound used as a rocket fuel]. What: is the hybridization for the two nitrogen atoms in this molecule? What orbitals overlap to form the bond between the nitrogen atoms?arrow_forwardAspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, has the formula C9H8O4 and the skeleton structure (a) Complete the Lewis structure and give the number of bonds and bonds in aspirin. (b) What is the hybridization about the CO2H carbon atom (colored blue)? (c) What is the hybridization about the carbon atom in the benzene-like ring that is bonded to an oxygen atom (colored red)? Also, what is the hybridization of the oxygen atom bonded to this carbon atom?arrow_forwardConsider the polyatomic ion IO65-. How many pairs of electrons are around the central iodine atom? What is its hybridization? Describe the geometry of the ion.arrow_forward
- The structure of amphetamine, a stimulant, is shown below. (Replacing one H atom on the NH2, or amino, group with CH3 gives methamphetamine a particularly dangerous drug commonly known as speed.) (a) What are the hybrid orbitals used by the C atoms of the C6 ring. by the C atoms of the side chain, and by the N atom? (b) Give approximate values for the bond angles A, B, and C. (c) How many bonds and bonds are in the molerule? (d) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (e) Amphetamine reacts readily with a proton (H+) in aqueous solution. Where does this proton attach to the molecule? Explain how the electrostatic potential map predicts this site of protonation.arrow_forwardThe sulfamate ion, H2NSO3, can be thought of as having been formed from the amide ion, NH2, and sulphur trioxide, SO3. (a) What are the electron-pair and molecular geometries or the amide ion and or SO3? What are the hybridizations of the N and S atoms, respectively? (b) Sketch a structure for the sulfamate ion, and estimate the bond angles. (c) What changes in hybridization do you expect for N and S in the course of the reaction NH2 + SO3 H2NSO3? (d) Is SO3 the donor of an electron pair or the acceptor of an electron pair in the reaction with amide ion? Does the electrostatic potential map shown below confirm your prediction?arrow_forwardGamma hydroxybutyric acid, GHB, infamous as a date rape drug, is used illicitly because of its effects on the nervous system. The condensed molecular formula for GHB is HO(CH2)3COOH. (a) Write the Lewis structure for GHB. (b) Identify the hybridization of the carbon atom in the CH2 groups and of the terminal carbon. (c) Is hydrogen bonding possible in GHB? If so, write Lewis structures to illustrate the hydrogen bonding. (d) Which carbon atoms are involved in sigma bonds? In pi bonds? (e) Which oxygen atom is involved in sigma bonds? In pi bonds?arrow_forward
- a Nitrogen trifluoride, NF3, is a relatively unreactive, colorless gas. How would you describe the bonding in the NF3 molecule in terms of valence bond theory? Use hybrid orbitals. b Silicon tetrafluoride, SiF4, is a colorless gas formed when hydrofluoric acid attacks silica (SiO2) or glass. Describe the bonding in the SiF4 molecule, using valence bond theory.arrow_forwardIdentify the hybridization of each underlined atom in the following compounds and ions: (a) B_H4 (b) H2C_=C_HC_H3 (c) BCl3arrow_forward
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