Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5, Problem 64CP
What is irreversible head loss? How is it related to the
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Water flows at a rate of 20 L/s through a horizontal pipe whose diameter is constant at 3 cm. The pressure drop across a valve in the pipe is measured to be 2 kPa, as shown. Determine the irreversible head loss of the valve, and the useful pumping power needed to overcome the resulting pressure drop
A 73-percent efficient 12-hp pump is pumping water from a lake to a nearby pool at a rate of 1.2 ft3/s through a constant-diameter pipe. The free surface of the pool is 35 ft above that of the lake. Determine the irreversible head loss of the piping system, in ft, and the mechanical power used to overcome it.
In a hydroelectric power plant, 100 m3/s of water flows from an elevation of 120 m to a turbine, where electric power is generated . The total irreversible head loss in the piping system from point 1 to point 2 (excluding the turbine unit) is determined to be 35 m. If the overall efficiency of the turbine–generator is 80 percent, estimate the electric power output.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 5 - Does the amount of mass entering a control volume...Ch. 5 - Define mass and volume flow rates. How are they...Ch. 5 - Name four physical quantities that are conserved...Ch. 5 - When is the flow through a control volume steady?Ch. 5 - Consider a device with one inlet and one outlet....Ch. 5 - A hair dryer is basically a duct of constant...Ch. 5 - A garden hose attached with a nozzle is used to...Ch. 5 - Air whose density is 0.082 Ibm/ft3 enters the duct...Ch. 5 - A 0.7$-m3 rigid tank initially contains air whose...Ch. 5 - Consider the flow of an incompressible Newtonian...
Ch. 5 - A desktop computer is to be cooled by a fan whose...Ch. 5 - The minimum fresh air requirement of a residential...Ch. 5 - The ventilating fan of the bathroom of a building...Ch. 5 - Air enters a nozzle steadily at 2.21 kg/m3 and 20...Ch. 5 - Air at 40°C flow steadily through the pipe shown...Ch. 5 - In climates with low night-time temperatures, an...Ch. 5 - What is mechanical energy? How does it differ from...Ch. 5 - Define turbine efficiency, generator efficiency,...Ch. 5 - What is mechanical efficiency? What does a...Ch. 5 - How is the combined pump-motor efficiency of a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 21PCh. 5 - A differential thermocouple with sensors at the...Ch. 5 - Electric power is to be generated by installing a...Ch. 5 - Consider a river flowing toward a lake at an...Ch. 5 - Express the Bernoulli equation in three different...Ch. 5 - What are the three major assumptions used in the...Ch. 5 - Define static, dynamic, and hydrostatic pressure....Ch. 5 - What is streamwise acceleration? How does it...Ch. 5 - What is stagnation pressure? Explain how it can be...Ch. 5 - Define pressure head, velocity head, and elevation...Ch. 5 - How is the location of the hydraulic grade line...Ch. 5 - Prob. 33CPCh. 5 - What is the hydraulic grade line? How does it...Ch. 5 - A glass manometer with oil as the working fluid is...Ch. 5 - The velocity of a fluid flowing in a pipe is to be...Ch. 5 - The water level of a tank on a building roof is 20...Ch. 5 - Prob. 38CPCh. 5 - Prob. 39CPCh. 5 - In a hydroelectric power plant, water enters the...Ch. 5 - A Pitot-static probe is used to measure the speed...Ch. 5 - The air velocity in the duct of a heating system...Ch. 5 - A piezometer and a Pitot tube are tapped into a...Ch. 5 - The diameter of a cylindrical water tank is D0and...Ch. 5 - A siphon pumps water from a large reservoir to a...Ch. 5 - Water flows through a horizontal pipe at a rate of...Ch. 5 - An airplane is flying at an altitude of 10.500 m....Ch. 5 - While traveling on a dirt road, the bottom of a...Ch. 5 - The water in an 8-rn-diameter, 3-rn-high...Ch. 5 - Reconsider Prob. 5-49. Determine how long it will...Ch. 5 - Air at 105 kPa and 37°C flows upward through a...Ch. 5 - Water at 20°C is siphoned from a reservoir as...Ch. 5 - The water pressure in the mains of a city at a...Ch. 5 - A pressurized tank of water has a 10-cm-diameter...Ch. 5 - Air is flowing through a venturi meter whose...Ch. 5 - The water level in a tank is 20 m above the...Ch. 5 - The air velocity in a duct is measured by a...Ch. 5 - In cold climates, water pipes may freeze and burst...Ch. 5 - Prob. 61PCh. 5 - A fluid of density and viscosity flows through a...Ch. 5 - What is the minimum diameter at section (1) to...Ch. 5 - What is irreversible head loss? How is it related...Ch. 5 - What is useful pump head? How is it related to the...Ch. 5 - Consider the steady adiabatic flow of an...Ch. 5 - Consider the steady adiabatic flow of an...Ch. 5 - What is the kinetic energy correction factor? Is...Ch. 5 - The water level in a tank is 20 m above the...Ch. 5 - A 3-rn-high tank filled with water has a discharge...Ch. 5 - A person is filling a knee-high bucket with water...Ch. 5 - Tater is being pumped from a large lake to a...Ch. 5 - A 15-hp (shaft) pump is used to raise water to a...Ch. 5 - Water flows at a rate of 0.040 m3/s in a...Ch. 5 - The water level in a tank is 20 m above the...Ch. 5 - A hydraulic turbine has 50 m of head available at...Ch. 5 - In a hydroelectric power plant, water flows from...Ch. 5 - Reconsider Prob. 5-78E. Determine the flow rate of...Ch. 5 - A fan is to be selected to ventilate a bathroom...Ch. 5 - Water flows at a rate of 20 L/s through a...Ch. 5 - The water level in a tank is 34 ft above the...Ch. 5 - A large tank is initially filled with water 4 m...Ch. 5 - Water enters a hydraulic turbine through a...Ch. 5 - A 78-percent efficient 12-hp pump is pumping water...Ch. 5 - Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher...Ch. 5 - Water in a partially filled large tank is to be...Ch. 5 - Underground water is to be pumped by a 78 percent...Ch. 5 - Reconsider Prob. 5-88. Determine the flow rate of...Ch. 5 - The velocity profile for turbulent flow in a...Ch. 5 - The demand for electric power is usually much...Ch. 5 - Prob. 92PCh. 5 - Consider a fully filled hemisphere shaped tank...Ch. 5 - The velocity of a liquid flowing in a circular...Ch. 5 - Air at 250 kgrn3 enters a nozzle that has an...Ch. 5 - The air in a 5m5-m3-m hospital room is to be...Ch. 5 - The water level in a tank is 70 ft above the...Ch. 5 - A pressurized 2-rn-diameter tank of water has a...Ch. 5 - Underground water is being pumped into a pool...Ch. 5 - Prob. 100PCh. 5 - A very large tank contains air at 102 kPa at a...Ch. 5 - Water is flowing through a Venturi meter whose...Ch. 5 - Water flows at a rate of 0.011 m3/s in a...Ch. 5 - Air flows through a pipe at a rate of 120 L/s. The...Ch. 5 - A 3-rn-high large tank is initially filled with...Ch. 5 - Reconsider Prob. 5-105. In order to dram the tank...Ch. 5 - A D0= 1 2-rn-diameter tank is initially filled...Ch. 5 - An oil pump is drawing 18 kW of electric power...Ch. 5 - A wind tunnel draws atmospheric air at 20°C and...Ch. 5 - Consider a spherical tank containing compressed...Ch. 5 - A tank with openings 1,2, and 3 is moving to left...Ch. 5 - Two dimensionally identical containers are...Ch. 5 - A circular thin plate is placed on the top of a...Ch. 5 - A pump-storage plant uses a turbine to generate...Ch. 5 - A diffuser in a pipe flow is basically a slow...Ch. 5 - Prob. 117PCh. 5 - Prob. 118PCh. 5 - Prob. 119PCh. 5 - Air enters a steady-flow compressor at 1 atm and...Ch. 5 - A 7$-m-high water body that is open to the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 122PCh. 5 - Prob. 123PCh. 5 - A hydraulic turbine is used to generate power by...Ch. 5 - The efficiency of a hydraulic turbine-generator...Ch. 5 - Which one is not an assumption involved with the...Ch. 5 - Consider incompressible, frictionless flow of a...Ch. 5 - Consider incompressible, frictionless flow of...Ch. 5 - Consider water flow in a piping network. The...Ch. 5 - The static and stagnation pressures of a fluid in...Ch. 5 - The static and stagnation pressures of a fluid in...Ch. 5 - The difference between the heights of energy grade...Ch. 5 - Water at 120 kPa (gage) is flowing in a horizontal...Ch. 5 - Water is withdrawn a the bottom of a large tank...Ch. 5 - Water at 80 kPa (gage) enters a horizontal pipe at...Ch. 5 - Liquid ethanol (p = 783 kg/m3) at a pressure of...Ch. 5 - Seawater is to be pumped into a large tank at a...Ch. 5 - An adiabatic pump is used to increase the pressure...Ch. 5 - The shaft power from a 90 percent-efficient...Ch. 5 - Using a 1are bucket whose volume is known and...Ch. 5 - Your company is setting up an experiment that...Ch. 5 - Computer-aided designs, the use of better...Ch. 5 - Using a handheld bicycle pump to generate an air...Ch. 5 - Using a flexible drinking straw and a ruler,...Ch. 5 - The power generated by a wind turbine is...
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- A 3-m-high large tank is initially filled with water. The tank water surface is open to the atmosphere, and a sharp-edged 10-cm-diameter orifice at the bottom drains to the atmosphere through a horizontal 80-m-long pipe. If the total irreversible head loss of the system is determined to be 1.5 m,In order to drain the tank faster, a pump is installed near the tank exit. Determine the pump head input necessary to establish an average water velocity of 6.5 m/s when the tank is full.arrow_forwardA 78-percent efficient 12-hp pump is pumping water from a lake to a nearby pool at a rate of 1.7 ft3/s through a constant-diameter pipe. The free surface of the pool is 32 ft above that of the lake. Determine the irreversible head loss of the piping system, in ft, and the mechanical power used to overcome it. Take the density of water to be 62.4 lbm/ft3.arrow_forwardThe 64-W fan in an aircraft environmental system is to circulate air through the ducting. An analysis of the flow shows that the fan needs to raise the pressure of air by 47 Pa to maintain flow. The fan is located in a horizontal duct with a circular cross-section whose diameter = 30 cm at both the inlet and the outlet. Determine the highest possible average flow velocity in the duct. Give your answer in m/s. Assume the fan operates steadily and that the changes in kinetic and potential energies across the fan are negligible. Note: I start this one by finding the volumetric flow rate from the work input and the pressure rise. Then I divide that by the cross-sectional area of the duct to get velocity.arrow_forward
- What is the difference between Inlet velocity and superficial velocity?arrow_forwardWater flows at a rate of 0.040 m3/s in a horizontal pipe whose diameter is reduced from 15 cm to 8 cm by a reducer. If the pressure at the centerline is measured to be 480 kPa and 440 kPa before and after the reducer, respectively, determine the irreversible head loss in the reducer. Take the kinetic energy correction factors to be 1.05.arrow_forwardA large tank is initially filled with water 4 m above the center of a sharp-edged 10-cm-diameter orifice. The tank water surface is open to the atmosphere, and the orifice drains to the atmosphere. If the total irreversible head loss in the system is 0.2 m, determine the initial discharge velocity of water from the tank. Take the kinetic energy correction factor at the orifice to be 1.2.arrow_forward
- What is the hydraulic grade line? How does it differ from the energy grade line? Under what conditions do both lines coincide with the free surface of a liquid?arrow_forwardWater is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir by a pump that provides 20 kW of useful mechanical power to the water. The free surface of the upper reservoir is 45 m higher than the surface of the lower reservoir. If the ?ow rate of water is measured to be 0.03 m3/s, determine the irreversible head loss of the system and the lost mechanical power during this process.arrow_forwardthe water in large lake is to be used to generate electricity by the installation of a hydraulic turbine generator at a location where the depth of the water is 50m. water id to be supplied at a rate 5000 kg/s. if the electricity power generated is measured to be 1862 kW and generator efficiency is 95%, Determine: 1.overall efficiency of the turbine generator 2.the mechanical efficiency of the turbine 3.the shaft power supplied by the turbine to the generatorarrow_forward
- In a hydroelectric power plant, water flows from an elevation of 400 ft to a turbine, where electric power is generated. For an overall turbine–generator efficiency of 85 percent, Determine the flow rate of water if the irreversible head loss of the piping system between the free surfaces of the inlet and the outlet is 36 ft.arrow_forwardElectric power is to be generated by installing a hydraulic turbine—generator at a site 120 m below the free surface of a large water reservoir that can supply water steadily at a rate of 930 kg/s. If the mechanical power output of the turbine is 850 kW and the electric power generation is 770 kW, determine the turbine efficiency and the combined turbine— generator efficiency of this plant. Neglect losses in the pipes.arrow_forwardA D0 = 10-m-diameter tank is initially filled with water 2 m above the center of a D = 10-cm-diameter valve near the bottom. The tank surface is open to the atmosphere, and the tank drains through a L = 100-m-long pipe connected to the valve. The friction factor of the pipe is given to be f = 0.015, and the discharge velocity is expressed as V = √ _________ 2gz _________ 1.5 + f L/D where z is the water height above the center of the valve. Determine the initial discharge velocity from the tank.arrow_forward
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