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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The reactant in the given reaction, which is optically active and exists as
Concept introduction:
The molecules that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral molecules.
A pair of two mirror images that are nonidentical is known as enantiomers, which are optically active.
The objects or molecules that are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects or molecules and these objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.
The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds but they are optically inactive.
The stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable on each other and not mirror images of each other are known as diastereomers.
Chiral molecules are capable of rotating plane polarized light
The molecules that are superimposable or identical with their mirror images are known as achiral molecules, and achiral molecules are not capable of rotating the plane-polarised light.
Chiral molecules have different atoms around the central carbon atom. They are usually optically active compounds.
First, give priority according to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog convention rules:
The higher the
If priority cannot be assigned according to the atomic mass, then assign the priority according to first point of difference.
After giving priority to four groups, rotate the molecule such that the fourth priority group is at the horizontal position.
Now, move from 1-2-3; if it is in clockwise, then it is
The conversion of
Hydrogenation reaction occurs with hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst.
The reagents used in hydrogenation process are
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Which isomer, A or B, would you expect to have the greater heat of combustion? Explain. A Barrow_forwardAmong the choices, what is (a) a conjugated diene, (b) a meso compound, (c) enantiomer of FOR and (d) diastereomer of SHEarrow_forward4 (a) Compound D undergoes a reaction with hydrogen bromide, HBr to produce 2-bromobutane. D exists as cis-trans isomers and decolourises bromine solution in methylene chloride, CH2Cl2 Sebatian D mengalami tindak balas dengan hidrogen bromida, HBr untuk menghasilkan 2-bromobutana. D wujud sebagai isomer cis-trans dan memudarkan larutan bromin dalam metilena klorida, CH,Cl2 (1) Draw and name the structure of compound D. Lukis dan namakan struktur sebatian D.arrow_forward
- (d) Compound W has the molecular formula C.H.O. Compound W reacts when heated with ethanoic acid and a catalyst to produce a sweet-smelling liquid. (i) Give the name of the homologous series to which compound W belongs. (ii) Draw the structure of compound W. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds. SVENTarrow_forwardCompound Q has the formula C10H8O. It has [ Select ] units of unsaturation. The IR for Q is shown in Figure below. The best structure for Q is [ Select] .arrow_forwardrank the set of compounds and explain brieflyarrow_forward
- (a) Use the polygon rule to draw an energy diagram for the MOs of a planar cyclooctatetraenyl system. (b) Fill in the eight pi electrons for cyclooctatetraene. Is this electronic configuration aromatic or antiaromatic? Could the cyclooctatetraene system be aromatic if it gained or lost electrons? (c) Draw pictorial representations for the three bonding MOs and the two nonbonding MOs of cyclooctatetraene. The antibonding MOs are difficult to draw, except for the all-antibonding MO.arrow_forwardPlease explain it. ASAP Determine the structure of compound A using the following data:arrow_forwardDraw the structures of the following compounds. (a) isobutyl bromidearrow_forward
- Select the choice that best describes the relationship of the pair of compounds. F The compounds are: geometric or cis/trans isomers constitutional isomers the same compound not isomericarrow_forwardDraw the two geometrical isomers of, but – 2 – en – 1, 4 dioic acid. Which of the will have higher dipole movement?arrow_forwardTELL WHETHER EACH IS AN AROMATIC, NONAROMATIC, OR ANTIAROMATIC. AND EXPLAINarrow_forward
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