Chapter 5, Problem 8Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound $\text{B}$ that has a chiral center and alternate stereochemistry is to be represented.

Concept introduction:

The molecules that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral molecules.

A pair of two mirror images that are nonidentical is known as enantiomers, which are optically active.

The objects or molecules that are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects or molecules and these objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.

The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds but they are optically inactive.

The stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable on each other and not mirror images of each other are known as diastereomers.

Chiral molecules are capable of rotating plane polarized light

The molecules that are superimposable or identical with their mirror images are known as achiral molecules, and achiral molecules are not capable of rotating the plane-polarised light.

Chiral molecules have different atoms around the central carbon atom. They are usually optically active compounds.

First, give priority according to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog convention rules:

The higher the atomic mass, the higher will be the priority.

If priority cannot be assigned according to the atomic mass, then assign the priority according to first point of difference.

When both the priority groups are on the same side of the double-bonded carbon atom, it is known as $\left(Z\right)$ configuration.

But, if both the priority groups are diagonal to each other, then it is $\left(E\right)$ configuration.

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

Alkanes are organic compounds containing single bonds only. An alkane can be a linear or a branched chain. Branched chain alkanes contain substituents and are named by selecting the longest chain.

The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

The parent chain is numbered from that end that is closest to the substituent.

If the same substituent occurs more than once, the location of each point on which the substituent occurs is given.

If there are two or more different substituents they are listed in alphabetical order using the base name

The name of the alkane is derived from the parent chain with a prefix of the substituent along with their position on the chain.