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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The fractional charge that is present on a more electronegative atom in a polar covalent bond has to be chosen from the given options.
Concept Introduction:
Close relationship between ionic and covalent bonding models becomes apparent if the bond polarity and electronegativity is considered. Electronegativity is the measure of relative attractive for the shared pair of electrons in a bond. Higher the electronegative value for an atom, the more it attracts the shared pair of electrons towards itself.
In Periodic table, when moving from left to right in a period, the electronegativity value increases. While moving from top to bottom within group, the electronegativity value decreases. Nonmetals have higher electronegativity values than metals. Metals gives electrons and nonmetals accepts electrons.
Bond polarity is the degree of inequality in the electron pair sharing between two atoms in a
The ionic and covalent bonds can be identified by using the electronegativity difference between the atoms that are bonded together.
- Bonds that are formed between two similar electronegative atoms are known as nonpolar covalent bonds. The electronegativity difference has to be 0.4 or less.
- The bonds that have electronegativity difference greater than 0.4 and lesser than 1.5 are known as polar covalent bonds.
- If the electronegativity difference is more than 2.0, then the bond is considered to be ionic.
- If the electronegativity difference is between 1.5 to 2.0, then the bond can be ionic or covalent depending upon the type of atoms that is bonded. If the bond is between a metal and nonmetal, then it is ionic and if it is between two nonmetals then it is polar covalent.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- The mutual attraction of opposite charges holds atoms together as molecules in an _______ bond. a. ionic c. polar covalent b. hydrogen d. nonpolar covalentarrow_forward_______ groups are the acid part of amino acids and fatty acids. a. Hydroxyl (OH) c. Methyl (CH3) b. Carboxyl (COOH) d. Phosphate (PO4)arrow_forwardWater molecules have one oxygen atom that is more electronegative than the two hydrogen atoms bound to it. As a result, which type of bonding hold water molecules together a. non-popular covalent bonding b. polar covalent bonding c.ionic bonding d.hydriohocicarrow_forward
- The ability of non-polar substances like fat molecules to clump together in water thereby allowing minimal contact between the fat molecules and water is attributed to: Group of answer choices a. Hydrogen bonds b. Ionic bonds c. Van der Waal’s interactions d. Hydrophobic interactions e. Cystine bridgesarrow_forwardCarnitine combines with fatty acids groups to form acyl carnitine through carnitines ____ group thereby forming a ____ bond a. hydroxyl, acid anhydride b. Carboxylic acid, acid anhydride c. Hydroxyl, ester D. Carboxylic acid, esterarrow_forwardThe type of bonding that happens between atoms within a water molecule is which of the following? a. Polar covalent bonding b.ionic bonding c. Non polar covalent bonding d. Hydrogen bondingarrow_forward
- substance that do not dissolve well in water are a. hydrophobic b. hydrophilic c.isotonic d.polar e.saltsarrow_forwardthe primary structure of proteins is held together by a. covalent bonds b. hydrogen bonds c. disulfide bonds d. ionic bondsarrow_forwardThe solubility of KI is 50 g / 100 g of water at 20 °C. If 110 g of Kl are added to 200 g water A. All of the Kl will dissolve B. The solution will freeze C. the container of the solution will feel warm to the touch D. a saturated solution will form E. an unsaturated solution will formarrow_forward
- One of the results of a fat being saturated is that the molecules interact stronger. This means that saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are typically liquids. The interactions between triglycerides falls under which of the following types. Select one: a. Covalent Bonds b. van der Walls bonds c. Hydrogen Bonds d. Ionic Bondsarrow_forwardin dehydration reaction between phosphate (derived from phosphoric acid) and glycerol (a sugar alcohol) accompanied with the removal of a water molecule, what chemical bond holds them together in a phospholipid molecule? A. Ether Alcohol B. Thioester Bond C. Acid Anhydride/Phosphoanydride bond D. Ester Bondarrow_forwardSubstances those are partially dissolved in water are commonly known as اخترأحد الخيارات a. hydrophilic / hydrophobic b. false statement c. hydrophilic d. hydrophobic e. all given choices are incorrectarrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
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