(a)
Interpretation: The reason of use of gravity rather than vacuum filtration in the separation method of the ethereal extract from the residual nutmeg needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Solvent extraction method is also called as liquid-liquid extraction. It is the method that is used to separate compounds on the basis of their relative solubility in two different immiscible solvents.
Here the immiscible solvents cannot get mixed up together therefore they make two separate layers. In the extraction of a solute from one liquid, another immiscible solvent must be used. Usually water is used with certain organic solvent as organic solvent and water are immiscible into each other. At equilibrium the ratio of concentration of solute is constant in each layer that can be represented by partition coefficient or distribution coefficient. It is the ratio of the concentration of a substance in one medium (C1) to the concentration in a second medium (C2) at equilibrium.
(b)
Interpretation: The reason of use of fluted filter paper rather than plain filter paper for the filtration procedure needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Solvent extraction method is also called as liquid-liquid extraction. It is the method that is used to separate compounds on the basis of their relative solubility in two different immiscible solvents.
Here the immiscible solvents cannot get mixed up together therefore they make two separate layers. In the extraction of a solute from one liquid, another immiscible solvent must be used. Usually water is used with certain organic solvent as organic solvent and water are immiscible into each other. At equilibrium the ratio of concentration of solute is constant in each layer that can be represented by partition coefficient or distribution coefficient. It is the ratio of the concentration of a substance in one medium (C1) to the concentration in a second medium (C2) at equilibrium.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
EBK EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A M
- What is the reason for using as little ethanol as possible to dissolve the crude product before recrystalliazation?arrow_forwardWhat are emulsions? Why do they form during extractions? How is the formation of an emulsion minimized?arrow_forwardWrite a balanced equation for the reaction of benzoic acid with hydroxide ion. Why is it necessary to extract the ether layer with sodium hydroxide?arrow_forward
- Why is the 4-methoxyphenyl acetate organic layer subjected to washes with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, water and brine when carrying out a separatory funnel extraction?arrow_forwardWhy did the phenolphthalein undergo color changes before and after heating in the characterization procedure in this experiment?arrow_forward5. 1. What is the purpose of testing distilled water and laboratory ethanol in the testing of ethanol? 2. During the experiment, you recorded the vapor temperature of the samples. Does the literature B.P. of ethanol correspond to the recorded temperatures? Why or why not? 3. Based on the iodoform test, did your distillate portion contain ethanol and/or water? Explain?arrow_forward
- Explain why it is needed to filter the solvent before introducing it to the HPLC systemarrow_forwardThe key to a successful HPLC procedure is good sample separation which is represented by a clean peak for each individual compound. What should we do to ensure a good sample preparation? A. Use a column and a mobile phase with different polarity B. Use a column and a mobile phase with the same polarity C. Use a lower temperature higher than the mobile phase boiling point D. All of thosearrow_forwardIdentify one water-soluble impurity that could be removed by washing the recrystallized dulcin with cold water.arrow_forward
- Why should we extract the Cyclohexanone in a three step extraction (with 10 ml, 8 ml and 7 ml Ether) rather than in one step (with 25 ml Ether)?arrow_forwardwhat would be the implications if the volume reduction is skipped in the recrystallization?arrow_forwardWhat are some reasons why the melting point might be lower than the literature value? (Hint: Assume all solvent was removed from the recovered compounds)arrow_forward
- EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC LChemistryISBN:9781305446021Author:LampmanPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT