Photosynthesis, as it occurs in the leaves of a green plant, involves the transport of carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) from the atmosphere to the chloroplasts of the leaves. The rate of photosynthesis may be quantified in terms of the rate of CO 2 assimilation by the chloroplasts. This assimilation is strongly influenced by CO 2 transfer through the boundary layer that develops on the leaf surface. Under conditions for which the density of CO 2 is 6×10 − 4 kg/m 3 in the air and 5 × 10 − 4 kg/m 3 at the leaf surface and the convection mass transfer coefficient is 10 − 2 m/s, what is the rate of photosynthesis in terms of kilograms of CO 2 assimilated per unit time and area of leaf surface?
Photosynthesis, as it occurs in the leaves of a green plant, involves the transport of carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) from the atmosphere to the chloroplasts of the leaves. The rate of photosynthesis may be quantified in terms of the rate of CO 2 assimilation by the chloroplasts. This assimilation is strongly influenced by CO 2 transfer through the boundary layer that develops on the leaf surface. Under conditions for which the density of CO 2 is 6×10 − 4 kg/m 3 in the air and 5 × 10 − 4 kg/m 3 at the leaf surface and the convection mass transfer coefficient is 10 − 2 m/s, what is the rate of photosynthesis in terms of kilograms of CO 2 assimilated per unit time and area of leaf surface?
Solution Summary: The author explains the rate of photosynthesis in terms of kilograms of CO 2 per unit time and area of leaf surface.
Photosynthesis, as it occurs in the leaves of a green plant, involves the transport of carbon dioxide
(
CO
2
)
from the atmosphere to the chloroplasts of the leaves. The rate of photosynthesis may be quantified in terms of the rate of
CO
2
assimilation by the chloroplasts. This assimilation is strongly influenced by
CO
2
transfer through the boundary layer that develops on the leaf surface. Under conditions for which the density of
CO
2
is
6×10
−
4
kg/m
3
in the air and
5
×
10
−
4
kg/m
3
at the leaf surface and the convection mass transfer coefficient is
10
−
2
m/s,
what is the rate of photosynthesis in terms of kilograms of
CO
2
assimilated per unit time and area of leaf surface?
Net movement of mass from one location, usually meaning stream, phase, fraction, or component, to another. Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation.
A nuclear power station is situated in Coal Valley, which is a roughly rectangular valley that is 5 km long, 2 km wide, and 200 m deep. You have been asked to evaluate the effects of a worst-case scenario where the reactor housing fails, and radiation is released to the atmosphere. In your evaluation, you determine that 120 kg of Iodine-131 (a radioisotope that causes thyroid gland and liver damage) could be released into the atmosphere.
Assuming the release of Iodine-131 was very rapid and all of it was uniformly distributed through the valley’s atmosphere with none escaping the valley, what would the concentration of Iodine-131 be in the valley’s air? Your answer should be expressed in units of ppm(v), and you may assume an atmospheric pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 20oC.
2. Assuming the Iodine-131 concentration you calculated in part (a) is the initial concentration in the valley, you now want to determine the time it will take for the concentration to decrease to…
Two engines have cylinders which are geometrically the same in size and shape. The cylinders
of engine A are surrounded with a normal water jacket filled with a water-ethylene glycol
solution. The cylinders of engine B are insulated, making this an adiabatic engine. Other than
temperatures, the engines are operated with the same steady-state conditions (as much as
possible). (a) Which engine has higher volumetric efficiency? Why? (b) Which engine has
higher thermal efficiency? Why? (c) Which engine has hotter exhaust? Why? (d) Which engine
would be more difficult to lubricate? Why? (e) Which engine would be a better SI engine?
Why?
The boiling temperature of nitrogen at atmospheric pressure at sea level (1 atm) is -196°C. Therefore, nitrogen is commonly used in low temperature scientific studies since the temperature of liquid nitrogen in a tank open to the atmosphere will remain constant at -196°C until the liquid nitrogen in the tank is depleted. Any heat transfer to the tank will result in the evaporation of some liquid nitrogen, which has a heat of vaporization of 198 kJ/kg and a density of 810 kg/m3 at 1 atm. Consider a 3-m-diameter spherical tank initially filled with liquid nitrogen at 1 atm and 196°C. The tank is exposed to 22°C ambient air with a heat transfer coefficient of 22 W/m2 · °C. The temperature of the thin-shelled spherical tank is observed to be almost the same as the temperature of the nitrogen inside. Disregarding any radiation heat exchange, determine the rate of evaporation of the liquid nitrogen in the tank as a result of the heat transfer from the ambient air in kg/sec. Answer in…
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