Experiments have shown that, for airflow at
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- 24 - Water flows through a pipe network. The pressure, velocity, and altitude at a given point (point 1) are 140 kPa, 1.8 m/s, and 8 m, respectively. The pressure and velocity at point 2 are 156 kPa and 2 m/s, respectively. What is the height of point 2, given the friction effects are neglected? a) 6.33m B) 9.41m NS) 7.68m D) 1.42m TO) 1.03marrow_forwardIt is required to construct a hydraulic turbine (inward Francis type) for a hydraulic power plant to operate under the following conditions: rotating speed N = 110 rpm, discharge Q = 11 m3/s, the radial velocity at the inlet Cr1 = 2 m/s, the radial velocity at exit Cr2 = 9.5 m/s and the physical data are: the outside diameter D1 = 4.5 m, the absolute inlet angle α1 = 15°, the absolute exit angle α2 = 90° (radial flow at exit). Assume that the potential energy is constant (Z1 = Z2), the pressure head at exit equal 6 m, the hydraulic losses are 2 m, and no draft tube. Calculate the following:The pressure head at entrance in kg/cm2It is required to construct a prototype to predict the actual machine performance, the assumed outside diameter D2 of the prototype was 0.3 m and the hydraulic circuit in the laboratory has the following specification: Available head = 5.5 m, Hydraulic efficiency = 0.8. Find the required speed, in RPM: The Head subjected on the turbine in meters.The…arrow_forwardAir flows through a compressor under steady flow conditions. At suction V1=0.75m3/kg, v1=30m/s At discharge: V2=0.25m3/kg, v2=40m/s.. Determine the diameter ratio of the discharge pipe to that of the suction pipe. (Ans. 1:2)arrow_forward
- Pressure measurement will be carried out with Pitot tube in air flow with average speed 400 m/s, static pressure 0.8 bar and static temperature 15ºC. How many kPa is the total pressure measured by the Pitot tube, since R=287 J/kgK and k=1.4? a. 163.67 b. 182.57 c. 159.75 d. 187.05 e. 178.42arrow_forwardAn aluminum sphere of radius 0.5 mm falls through a viscous liquid of density 2700 kg/m3. It attains a constant terminal velocity of 1.5 cm/s. What is the viscosity of the fluid? a) 0.001 N.s/m2 b) 0.052 N.s/m2 c) 0.25 N.s/m2 d) none of thesearrow_forwardThe dimensions of a Francis radial-flow hydroturbine are r2 = 2.00 m, r1 = 1.30 m, b2 = 0.85 m, and b1 = 2.10 m, where location 2 is the inlet and location 1 is the outlet. At the turbine inlet and outflow, the runner blade angles are β2 = 71.4° and β1 = 15.3°, respectively. The runner rotates at a rate of ń = 160 rpm. At design conditions, the volume flow rate is 80.0 m3 /sarrow_forward
- The dimensions of a Francis radial-flow hydroturbine are r2 = 2.00 m, r1 = 1.30 m, b2 = 0.85 m, and b1 = 2.10 m, where location 2 is the inlet and location 1 is the outlet. At the turbine inlet and outflow, the runner blade angles are β2 = 71.4° and β1 = 15.3°, respectively. The runner rotates at a rate of ń = 160 rpm. At design conditions, the volume flow rate is 80.0 m3 /s. (a) State the necessary assumptions and calculate the angle α2 at which the wicket gates should turn the flow (Figure Q1), with α2 measured from the radial direction at the runner inlet. (b) Calculate the swirl angle α1 (Figure Q1), where α1 is the angle measured from the radial direction at the runner output. (c) Calculate the needed net head and power output. (d) Discuss the actual power output and head required for actual case of the turbine (irreversibility not neglected). (Properties For water at 20oC, ρ = 998.0 kg/m3)arrow_forwardA centrifugal pump has the following characteristics as shown in Table 1. Table 1: Pump characteristics Q(m3 /s) 0.033 0.029 0.027 0.0235 0.020 0.017 0.0133 H(m) 40 60 66 75 80 84 90 Efficiency % 20 45 55 68 75 66 45 The pump is used to pump water from a low reservoir to a high reservoir through a total length of 1100 m of pipe 250 mm in diameter. The difference between the water levels in the reservoirs is 25 m. Neglecting all losses except friction and assuming λ=0.042, calculate: i. The discharge and head at the duty point for the pump. (20) ii. The efficiency at the duty point. (5) [2arrow_forwardA Francis radial-flow hydroturbine has the following dimensions, where location 2 is the inlet and location 1 is the outlet: r2 = 6.60 ft, r1 = 4.40 ft, b2 = 2.60 ft, and b1 = 7.20 ft. The runner blade angles are ?2 = 82° and ?1 = 46° at the turbine inlet and outlet, respectively. The runner rotates at n. = 120 rpm. The volume flow rate at design conditions is 4.70 ×106 gpm. Irreversible losses are neglected in this preliminary analysis. Calculate the angle ?2 through which the wicket gates should turn the flow, where ?2 is measured from the radial direction at the runner inlet. Calculate the swirl angle ?1, where ?1 is measured from the radial direction at the runner outlet. Does this turbine have forward or reverse swirl? Predict the power output (hp) and required net head (ft).arrow_forward
- Air (diatomic, MW = 28.8664 g/mol) at 1.7 atm gage (where Pam = 1 atm) and 15°C enters a 70-m long horizontal 75-mm-ID steel pipe (€ = 4.6(10) m). The velocity at the entrance of the pipe is 60 m/s. Assuming isothermal flow, what is the absolute pressure (atm) at the discharge end of the line? Use Churchill equation for the friction factor.arrow_forward1) Affinity laws apply to both pumps and turbines. True or False 2) A pelton wheel is used to produce hydroelectric power. The average radius of the wheel is 1.83 m, and the jet velocity is 100 m/s from a nozzle of exit diameter equal to 10 cm. What is the volume flow rate through the turbine in m3/s? a) 263.02 b) 0.801 c) 78.54 d) 0.785 3) A water pump increases the pressure of the water passing through it (see picture below). The flow is assumed to be incompressible. If the outlet diameter is less than inlet diameter, which of the following about outlet and inlet fluid velocity is correct? a) Vout < Vin b) Vout > Vin c) Vout = Vin d) cannot be determinedarrow_forwardA pump is installed to deliver water from a reservoir of surface elevation zero, to another of elevation 290 ft. The 10 inch-diameter suction pipe (f=0.022) is 90 ft long and the 8-in-diameer discharge pipe (f=0.028) is 4900 ft long. The pump characteristic is defined by hp= 365-20Q2 where hp, the pump head, is in feet and Q is in cubic feet per second. What is the rate at which the pump will deliver the water?arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning