Concept explainers
Species A is evaporating from a flat surface into species B. Assume that the concentration profile for species A in the concentration boundary layer is of the form
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 6 Solutions
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Reconsider Prob. 14–22. Using EES (or other) software, plot the diffusion coefficient as a function of the temperature in the range of 200 K to 1200 K. Problem. 14–22 The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in steel is given as a function of temperature as DAB = 1.65 × 10-6 exp(–4630/T) (m2 /s) where T is in K. Determine the diffusion coefficients at 200 K, 500 K, 1000 K, and 1500 K.arrow_forwardIn a paint manufacturing process, two different colored paints are being mixed in an infinitelylarge drum.Paint A, with a concentration of 30% pigment, is pumped into the drum at a rate of 10 liters perminute.Paint B, with a concentration of 17% pigment, is pumped into the drum at a rate of 17 liters perminute.Both paints have the same density of 1.0 kg/liter.If the mixture is continuously stirrred and drained from the drum at a rate of 22 liters perminute, what is the concentration of pigment in the resulting mixture as a percentage?arrow_forwardGaseous hydrogen weakens the mechanical strength of cast iron. this phenomenon often occurs in cast iron pressure vessels containing 100% gas hydrogen. H2 gas dissolves in metallic iron and diffuses into solid non-porous iron by an interstitial diffusion mechanism. H2 gas does not need to penetrate far into the iron to have a negative effect on the mechanical strength of iron. In the present situation, 100% of H2 gas at 1.0 atm and 100°C is contained within a 1.0 m internal diameter and wall thickness of 2.0 cm. The solubility of hydrogen in iron in 100°C is 2.2x10-7 mol of H/g Fe atoms. The diffusion coefficient of atoms of hydrogen in solid iron is 124.0x10-9 cm2 /sec at 100°C. Initially, there are no H atoms in solid iron. How many hours will it take for the hydrogen level inside the iron metal reaches 1.76x10-7 mol H atoms/g Fe at a depth of 0.1 cm from the surface exposed to hydrogen gas?arrow_forward
- Calculate the mass of 600 mL of carbon dioxide collected over water at 25 deg C and 730 mmHg.arrow_forwardThe diffusion coefficients for iron in nickel are given at two temperatures: T (K) D (m2/s) 1273 9.4 × 10–16 1473 2.4 × 10–14 R is the ideal gas constant, 8.314 J/mol K. T is the absolute temperature in ____degrees K. _____ Determine the values of D0 and_____ the activation energy Qd. What is the magnitude of D at 1100ºC (1373 K)?arrow_forwardThe composition of a mixture of gases 60% carbon dioxide, 20%oxygen and 20% Helium by volume. What is the apparent molecular weight of this mixture?arrow_forward
- Compressed gases and phase-changing liquids are used to store energy in rigid containers. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each substance as a means of storing energy?arrow_forward[Decarburization] An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing carbon with the concentration, C0, is exposed to anoxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere. Under the given conditions, the carbon diffuses from the alloy andreacts at the surface with the oxygen in the atmosphere, meaning that the carbon concentration at the surface position is maintained essentially at 0 wt% C. The subproblems are independent.(1) Determine the diffusion coefficient at the temperature T given below. Use T = 1250 °C(2) When the value of D is given below, what position will the carbon concentration be Cx after a treatment for thetime, t? Use D = 1.93 × 10−10m2 /s; C0 = 0.35 wt%; Cx = 0.11 wt%; t = 12 hrarrow_forward6. A sheet of steel 1.5 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200C and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 10-11 m2/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 10-7 kg/m2-s. Also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 4 kg/m3. How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m3? Assume a linear concentration profile.arrow_forward
- The diffusion coefficient of Ni in Cu at 1025 C is 10-9 cm2 s-1. How long does it take for the mean square root of the distance to be 1 cm?arrow_forwardCalculate the partial pressure of oxygen in the air at 100 kPa if nitrogen has a partial pressure of 82 kPa and carbon dioxide and water combined have a partial pressure of 0.77 kPa.arrow_forwardIf the air temperature at 18:00h is 8 C, and the air adjacent to the surface has a relative humidity of 70%, at what time will condensation occur if the evening cooling rate is 1 C/hour? Will the condensation be in the form of dew or frost?arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning