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Principles of Modern Chemistry
- Solid sulfur normally consists of crystals of S8 molecules, but when heated strongly, the solid vaporizes to give S2 molecules (among other molecular species). Describe the bonding in S2 in molecular orbital terms, assuming the orbitals are analogous to those of the preceding period. What would you expect to happen to the sulfur sulfur bond length if two electrons were added to give the S22 ion? What would you expect to happen to the bond length if, instead, two electrons were taken away to give S22+?arrow_forwardWrite expressions for the molecular wavefunction of (i) a s-pz sigma bond and (ii) a px - px pi bond, using valence bond theory.arrow_forwardthe following figure shows the bond distances for the homonuclear diatomics of the 2 nd period p-block elements, as well as those for some of the ions derived from these species. i) Note that N 2 + has a longer bond distance than N 2, but O 2 + has a shorter bond distance than O 2. Explain this difference. ii) Estimate the bond distance of N 2 - and justify your answer.arrow_forward
- Electronic excitation of a molecule may weaken or strengthen some bonds because bonding and antibonding characteristics differ between the HOMO and the LUMO. For example, a carbon–carbon bond in a linear polyene may have bonding character in the HOMO and antibonding character in the LUMO. Therefore, promotion of an electron from the HOMO to the LUMO weakens this carbon–carbon bond in the excited electronic state, relative to the ground electronic state. Consult Figs. 9E.2 and 9E.4 and discuss in detail any changes in bond order that accompany the π*←π ultraviolet absorptions in butadiene and benzene.arrow_forwardWrite the va lence bond wavefunction of a P2 molecule. Why is P4 a stable form of molecular phosphorus?arrow_forwardIs structure 4 or 2 the correct option due to sn2 inversion ?arrow_forward
- For the hypothetical cyclic square hydrogen molecular di-cation (H42+), list all electrostatic pairwise interactions including their signs and contributions to stabilising and de-stabilising the molecular structurearrow_forwardCalculate the bond order of the dioxygen molecule and those of the molecular ions O2-,O22- and O2+? Rank these molecules and ions by order of increasing bond length. Explain your answer. aarrow_forwardExplain the Jan teller distortion in [Cu(H2O)6]²+.arrow_forward
- Give the ground-state electron configuration and the bond order of the He2+ molecular ionarrow_forwardWrite the ground-state electron configuration of O2 and calculate the bond order.arrow_forwardUse the bond energies provided to estimate DeltaH^ rxn for the reaction below. 2Br_(2(1))+C_(2)H_(2(g))rarrC_(2)H_(2)Br_(4(1))DeltaH^rxxn=?arrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning