Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 7, Problem 31RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
1. The effect of a drug which blocks voltage-regulated Ca+ channels on synaptic transmission.
2. The effect of tetanus toxin on synaptic transmission.
Introduction:
The synaptic transmission is a process through which the neurons communicate with the target cells by the release of neurotransmitters across the synapse. The voltage-regulated Ca+ (calcium) ion channels are also known as voltage-dependent calcium channels present in the cell membranes of muscles, neurons, and so on.
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Briefly describe, in the correct sequence, the events thatoccur in synaptic transmission.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 7 - Draw a neuron, label its parts, and describe the...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between sensory neurons, motor...Ch. 7 - Describe the structure of the neurilemma, and...Ch. 7 - Explain how myelin sheaths are formed in the CNS....Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by the blood-brain barrier....Ch. 7 - Define the terms depolarization and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 7 - Describe how gating of Na+andK+ in the axon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 7 - Describe the location of neurotransmitters within...Ch. 7 - Describe the sequence of events by which action...Ch. 7 - Explain how chemically regulated channels differ...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8CPCh. 7 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 10CPCh. 7 - Prob. 11CPCh. 7 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 14aCPCh. 7 - Describe the mechanism of action of glycine and...Ch. 7 - Give examples of endogenous opioid polypeptides,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 16CPCh. 7 - Prob. 17aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17cCPCh. 7 - Prob. 1RACh. 7 - Prob. 2RACh. 7 - Prob. 3RACh. 7 - Prob. 4RACh. 7 - Repolarization of an axon during an action...Ch. 7 - As the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7RACh. 7 - Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9RACh. 7 - Prob. 10RACh. 7 - Prob. 11RACh. 7 - Prob. 12RACh. 7 - Prob. 13RACh. 7 - Prob. 14RACh. 7 - Prob. 15RACh. 7 - Prob. 16RACh. 7 - Prob. 17RACh. 7 - Which of these may be produced by the action of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19RACh. 7 - In a step-by-step manner, explain how the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21RACh. 7 - Prob. 22RACh. 7 - Prob. 23RACh. 7 - Prob. 24RACh. 7 - Once an EPSP is produced in a dendrite, how does...Ch. 7 - Prob. 26RACh. 7 - List the endogenous opioids in the brain and...Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by long-term potentiation...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29RACh. 7 - Prob. 30RACh. 7 - Prob. 31RACh. 7 - Prob. 32RACh. 7 - Prob. 33RACh. 7 - Explain the nature of the endocannabinoids....Ch. 7 - Prob. 35RACh. 7 - Prob. 36RACh. 7 - Prob. 37RACh. 7 - Prob. 38RACh. 7 - Prob. 39RACh. 7 - Use the figure below (from figure 7.34) to answer...
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- What is a synapse? Explain the difference between an excitatory and an inhibitory synapse.arrow_forwardSuppose you stimulate an axon so that you generate an actionpotential at both ends at the same instant. Describe thepropagation of these action potentials. What happens when theymeet?arrow_forwardWhat would happen to synaptic transmission if you blocked the degradation and/or reuptake of excitatory neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft? What if the neurotransmitters were inhibitory?arrow_forward
- Two excitatory synapses on a neuron fire at the same time as one inhibitory neuron. Each synapse comes from a different presynaptic neuron. Explain what happens at each synapse (in the post-synaptic neuron) and what determines whether this neuron will fire.arrow_forwardContrast the two types of summation at a synapse and explain how they function in synaptic decision making.arrow_forwardthe bacterium clostridium tetani produce a toxin called tetanospasmin, the causative agent os the disease tetanus. the toxin prevents the release of inhibitory transmitters in the CNS and so blocks the resulting IPSPs they would normally generate. what are some of the functions of inhibitory synapses? considering this what symptoms would you expect from the disease tetanus, and why? ( hint: imagine trying to stand up if all of the muscles in your lower limb contracted at the same time.)arrow_forward
- The correlation between neurons can explain the basis of the synaptic modification, that is, how much they can connect to each other or if they are not synchronized, how much they can lose or weaken their connections. • Draw a picture of an excitatory synapse such as glutamatergic with its receptors between the pre- and postsynaptic neuron. • Briefly explain what mechanisms involve neuronal plasticity and why synapses are enhanced or weakened.arrow_forwardIf an excitatory neurotransmitter binds to the post-synaptic neuron, what type of an event will that cause? What happens if the neurotransmitter is an inhimitory neurotransmitter? What type of ion will move into the post-synaptic neuron? What type of polarizing event will occur? and What happen at the axon hillock?arrow_forwardwhich one of the following statements is incorrect? a. temporal summation occurs when a single synaptic input is activated twice in succession, with the second postsynaptic potential occurring before the first postsynaptic potential is over. b. blocking voltage-gated k* channels in the presynaptic membrane of a typical chemical synapse is likely to reduce the amount of neurotransmitter released in response to a single action potential in the presynaptic axon. c. in the optic tectum of the hunting rattlesnake, spatial summation is used to combine inputs from visual and thermoreceptive layers in order to make a decision whether to strike at a mouse-like object. d. a single type of neurotransmitter can have different postsynaptic actions depending on the type of receptor to which it binds.arrow_forward
- In the central nervous system there may be many synaptic inputs on a postsynaptic neurons. How does the postsynaptic neuron respond to the many presynaptic inputs?arrow_forwardDistinguish between excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP). Which pushes the cell closer to threshold? Which pushes away from threshold and can hyperpolarize? What gates achieve this? Distinguish between temporal and special summationarrow_forwardI have stimulated a neuron with dopamine for a second followed by treating it with cocaine and calcium chelating agent (which chelates out all calcium from the system making them unavailable for function), what will be the effect of such impulse on generating an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron? Will it be different if I pretreat the set of nerve cells with cocaine and calcium chelating agent followed by stimulating the neuron with dopamine? Justify your answer with proper reasoning in brief.arrow_forward
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