Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Question
Chapter 7, Problem 33RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The scientific investigations that indicate the relationship between alcoholism and a particular allele for D2 dopamine receptor.
Introduction:
Dopamine receptors are included in the G-protein-coupled receptor class and they are prominent in the central nervous system. The dopamine receptors activate various effectors by the signaling of different protein interactions. These are involved in many neurological processes such as memory, learning, cognition, motor control, and so on.
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In schizophrenia, the neurons affected by dopamine are overstimulated. This condition is treated with drugs like chlorpromazine (Thorazine), which bind to the affected receptors and inhibit the dopamine signal. Does chlorpromazineact as an agonist or antagonist?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are sometimes used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. What is their mechanism of action?
a.
They inhibit the breakdown of dopamine.
b.
They inhibit the reuptake of dopamine by glia.
c.
They inhibit the reuptake of dopamine by neurons.
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They inhibit the synthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine.
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They inhibit the synthesis of dopamine.
The effects of alcohol are not fully understood but it does seem to inhibit GABAnergic neurons. How would the release of dopamine from the postsynaptic neuron change in this case? Explain your answer, being sure to make each connection between concepts
Chapter 7 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 7 - Draw a neuron, label its parts, and describe the...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between sensory neurons, motor...Ch. 7 - Describe the structure of the neurilemma, and...Ch. 7 - Explain how myelin sheaths are formed in the CNS....Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by the blood-brain barrier....Ch. 7 - Define the terms depolarization and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 7 - Describe how gating of Na+andK+ in the axon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 7 - Describe the location of neurotransmitters within...Ch. 7 - Describe the sequence of events by which action...Ch. 7 - Explain how chemically regulated channels differ...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8CPCh. 7 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 10CPCh. 7 - Prob. 11CPCh. 7 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 14aCPCh. 7 - Describe the mechanism of action of glycine and...Ch. 7 - Give examples of endogenous opioid polypeptides,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 16CPCh. 7 - Prob. 17aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17cCPCh. 7 - Prob. 1RACh. 7 - Prob. 2RACh. 7 - Prob. 3RACh. 7 - Prob. 4RACh. 7 - Repolarization of an axon during an action...Ch. 7 - As the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7RACh. 7 - Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9RACh. 7 - Prob. 10RACh. 7 - Prob. 11RACh. 7 - Prob. 12RACh. 7 - Prob. 13RACh. 7 - Prob. 14RACh. 7 - Prob. 15RACh. 7 - Prob. 16RACh. 7 - Prob. 17RACh. 7 - Which of these may be produced by the action of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19RACh. 7 - In a step-by-step manner, explain how the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21RACh. 7 - Prob. 22RACh. 7 - Prob. 23RACh. 7 - Prob. 24RACh. 7 - Once an EPSP is produced in a dendrite, how does...Ch. 7 - Prob. 26RACh. 7 - List the endogenous opioids in the brain and...Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by long-term potentiation...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29RACh. 7 - Prob. 30RACh. 7 - Prob. 31RACh. 7 - Prob. 32RACh. 7 - Prob. 33RACh. 7 - Explain the nature of the endocannabinoids....Ch. 7 - Prob. 35RACh. 7 - Prob. 36RACh. 7 - Prob. 37RACh. 7 - Prob. 38RACh. 7 - Prob. 39RACh. 7 - Use the figure below (from figure 7.34) to answer...
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- ______ is released by motor nerve endings onto muscle. Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Dopamine Serotoninarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a functional or structural change that occurs in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system as a result of exposure to addictive drugs? A) Decreased baseline levels of dopamine activity, causing a decreased response to normal rewarding stimuli. B) Neural plasticity in response to drugs and drug-related stimuli decreases. C) Potentiation of synapses between glumate-releasing neurons and dopamine-releasing neurons in the VTA. D) Increased dendrite length and greater synaptic complexity in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal lobes.arrow_forwardCocaine affects a synapse by blocking the reuptake or reabsorbtion of the neurotransmitter dopamine by the presynaptic neurons. Therefore,the levels of dopamine continue to build in the synapse, causing certain effects on the body. A. Explain how cocaine interferes with neural transmission across the synapse B.Describe the natural role of dopamine in the brain C. Predict how cocaine could be addictive after only one use.arrow_forward
- Which of these statements about catecholamines is false? a.They include norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. b.Their effects are increased by action of the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase. c.They are inactivated by monoamine oxidase. d.They are inactivated by reuptake into the presynaptic axon. e.They may stimulate the production of cyclic AMP in the postsynaptic axon.arrow_forwardwhat will be the immediate effect of this inhibition On the concentration of dopamine? a) Dopamine concentration will increase. b) Dopamine concentration will decrease. c) Dopamine concentration will stay the same. After some time, a large increase in the concentration(s) of _______ will directly overcome the inhibitor molecule. a) Dopamine b) Phenylalanine c) L-DOPA and Phosphate d) Dopamine and oxygenarrow_forwardWhy can’t an individual with Parkinson’s disease be given dopamine to relieve his symptoms?arrow_forward
- Ordinarily, patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (who have damage to dopamine-releasing axons) move very slowly if at all. However, during an emergency (e.g., a fire in the building), they may move rapidly and vigorously. Suggest a possible explanation.arrow_forwardHow can 5-HT2a activation be linked to dream-like experiences and hallucinations, but serotonin is low during REM sleep? Is it that although serotonin is low, of what is activated is the 5-HT2a receptor?arrow_forwardIf incoming serotonin axons were destroyed, LSD would still have its full effects. However, if incoming dopamine axons were destroyed, amphetamine and cocaine would lose their effects. Explain the difference.arrow_forward
- The behaviours associated with cocaine use mimic some of the symptoms of schizophrenia because: Question 53 options: a) Cocaine increases serotonergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex b) Cocaine increases dopamine binding at D2 receptors in the mesocortical tract c) Cocaine increases the reuptake of serotonin in the tuberoinfundibular tract d) Cocaine decreases dopamine binding at D2 receptors in the nigrostriatal tractarrow_forwardWhat is the structue of dopamin, and suggest the binding interactions of dopamine with the receptor. Draw a suggested model for the required interactions for agonistic and antagonistic activty in dopamine receptor.arrow_forward
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