Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259709999
Author: Denise G. Anderson Lecturer, Sarah Salm, Deborah Allen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 7, Problem 9MC
All of the following are characteristics of eukaryotic gene expression except
a) a 5' cap is on the mRNA.
b) a poly A tail is on the 3' end of mRNA.
c) introns must be removed to create the mRNA that is translated, promoter
d) the mRNA is often polycistronic.
e) translation begins at the first AUG.
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Which of the following are stages of translation? Select all that apply.
---A tRNA binds to the second codon and its carried amino acid forms a peptide bond with methionine.
---When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, its subunits detach, and the mRNA and new polypeptide are released.
---As the ribosome moves from codon to codon, amino acids brought by successive tRNAs to the ribosome form a growing polypeptide.
---The binding of a tRNA to the third codon causes the ribosome to release the first tRNA and move to the next codon.
---Ribosomal subunits and a tRNA carrying methionine converge on the start codon of an mRNA.
Given the following mRNA sequence, what is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide that will be produced in the cell?
5’ – CGAGGUAUGCCAACGUGCGUCUAAUCCCGA-3
What is the "genetic code" and what aspect of post translational modification virtually mandates that "genetic code" applies to mRNA rather than DNA?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
Ch. 7 - Explain what semiconservative means with respect...Ch. 7 -
2. What is an origin of replication?
Ch. 7 - Why are primers required in DNA replication but...Ch. 7 -
4. What is polycistronic mRNA?
Ch. 7 -
5. Explain why knowing the orientation of a...Ch. 7 - What is the function of a sigma factor?Ch. 7 - Prob. 7SACh. 7 - Explain how some bacteria sense the density of...Ch. 7 -
9. Compare and contrast regulation by a repressor...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10SA
Ch. 7 - All of the following are involved in transcription...Ch. 7 -
2. All of the following are involved in DNA...Ch. 7 - All of the following are directly involved in...Ch. 7 - Using the DNA strand shown here as a template,...Ch. 7 -
5. A ribosome binds to the following mRNA at the...Ch. 7 - Which of the following statements about gene...Ch. 7 -
7. An enzyme used to synthesize the amino acid...Ch. 7 -
8. Under which of the following conditions will...Ch. 7 -
9. All of the following are characteristics of...Ch. 7 - Which of the following statements is false? a) A...Ch. 7 - A graduate student is trying to identity the gene...Ch. 7 - To isolate eukaryotic mRNA from cell lysates, a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1CTCh. 7 -
2. In a variation of the experiment in the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?arrow_forwardWhat are the three modifications made to pre-mRNA molecules before they become mature mRNAs, are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and become ready to be used in protein synthesis? What is the function of each modification?arrow_forwardThe process of translation involves three distinct phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. Which of the following is an accurate statement of a molecular event that occurs during one of the phases? A. All phases of translation require the energy of ATP to fuel molecular processes. B. The first components to assemble in initiation are the large ribosomal subunit, mRNA, and the initiator tRNA molecule. C. A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and the amino acid at the C-terminus of the growing polypeptide chain. D. Amino acids are added to the polypeptide chain that sits in the A site of the translation initiation complex.arrow_forward
- If the mRNA transcribed for this gene will be translated into a functional protein, how many amino acids will be used to build the polypeptide chain? what is the amino acid coded by the 25th codon? what is the amino acid coded by the last codon?arrow_forwardHere is the sequence of a portion of a bacterial gene. The template strand is on the bottom: 5’-ATGCTGCGTGCATGGGATATAGGTAGCACACGTCC-3’ 3’-TACGACGCACGTACCC TATATCC ATCGTGTGCAGG-5’ Assuming that transcription starts with the first C in the template strand, and continues to the end, what would be the sequence of the mRNA derived from this fragment? Q) Would there be an effect on translation of changing the fourthA in the template strand to a C? If so, what effect?arrow_forwardif the following DNA sequence were transcribed, which of the following describes the output of this process? 3'- TCTGGACA-5' A. This would produce a protein that looks like 5'- A G A C C U G U -3' B. This would produce a tRNA that looks like 3'- A G AC C U G U -5' C. This would produce an mRNA that looks like this: 5'- A G AC C U G U -3' D. This would produce an mRNA that looks like 3'- U C U G G A CA -5' E. This would produce another strand of DNA that 0ok like 5-AG ACCT GT-3. ..arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the initiation of translation? A. The mRNA binds the large ribosomal subunit. The start codon is identified and an rRNA with methionine is bound to the start codon. B. The mRNA binds the small ribosomal subunit. The start codon is identified and the large subunit is recruited. C. The mRNA binds the small ribosomal subunit. The start codon is identified and a tRNA with methionine is bound to the start codon. D. The mRNA binds the small ribosomal subunit. The start codon is identified and the tRNA with methionine enters the A site.arrow_forwardWhat are two advantages for circularizing the mRNA during the process of eukaryotic translation? (Select two correct answers) mRNA circularization ensures that translation terminates at the proper termination codons. mRNA circularization facilitates the binding of the ribosome to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. mRNA circularization ensures that a full-length mRNA is used in the process of translation. mRNA circularization eliminates the requirement for translation factors in the process of translation initiation. mRNA circularization allows for a more efficient re-initiation of the translation process during repeated cycles of translation.arrow_forwardWhat are the differences between translation and transcription in bacteria and eukaryotes? Give a brief description of how transcription works in bacteria using the words: initiation, elongation, and termination. Give a brief description of how mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus and leaves the nucleus. Must use words: 3’ cap, 5’ tail, ribsome, gene splicing, introns, nuclear pore.arrow_forward
- How many amino acids will the mRNA sequence "AUG GAC CUG UCG UGA" produce?arrow_forwardIn eukaryotic organisms, pre-mRNA transcripts are formed and need to be modified in order to create the mature mRNA destined for translation. Which of the following indicate modifications that occur as part of this process? a. The pre-mRNA is spliced to produce multiple mature mRNAs b. A 3' poly-A tail is attached to the mature mRNA c. A 5' cap is attached to the mature mRNA d. All of the above are ways in which the pre-mRNA is modified to create the mature mRNA e. None of the above are ways in which the pre-mRNA is modified to create the mature mRNAarrow_forwardWhat is mRNA converted into during the process of translation? Where in the cell does this take place?arrow_forward
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