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The article “Drift in Posturography Systems Equipped with a Piezoelectric Force Platform: Analysis and Numerical Compensation” (L. Quagliarella. N. Sasanelli, and V. Monaco, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2008: 997–1004), reported the results of an experiment to determine the effect of load on the drift in signals derived from a piezoelectric force plates. The
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- classify as either observational or experimental design Heart Failure. In the paper “Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy with or without an Implantable Defibrillator in Advanced Chronic Heart Failure” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 350, pp. 2140–2150), M. Bristow et al. reported the results of a study of methods for treating patients who had advanced heart failure due to ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathies. A total of 1520 patientswere randomly assigned in a 1:2:2 ratio to receive optimal pharmacologic therapy alone or in combination with either a pacemaker or a pacemaker–defibrillator combination. The patients were thenobserved until they died or were hospitalized for any cause.arrow_forwardIn the article “Groundwater Electromagnetic Imaging in Complex Geological and Topographical Regions: A Case Study of a Tectonic Boundary in the French Alps” (S. Houtot, P. Tarits, et al., Geophysics, 2002:1048–1060), the pH was measured for several water samples in various locations near Gittaz Lake in the French Alps. The results for 11 locations on the northern side of the lake and for 6 locations on the southern side are as follows: Northern side: 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.2 7.4 7.3 7.4 8.1 8.1 7.9 Southern side: 7.8 8.2 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.1 Find a 98% confidence interval for the difference in pH between the northern and southern side.arrow_forwardThe article “Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Mid-Western CoastalAquifer System” (S. Jeen, J. Kim, et al., Geosciences Journal, 2001:339–348) presentsmeasurements of various properties of shallow groundwater in a certain aquifer system inKorea. Following are measurements of electrical conductivity (in microsiemens percentimeter) for 23 water samples.2099 528 2030 1350 1018 384 14991265 375 424 789 810 522 513488 200 215 486 257 557 260461 500Find the mean.Find the standard deviation.Find the median.Construct a dotplot.Find the 10% trimmed mean.Find the first quartile.Find the third quartile.Find the interquartile range.Construct a boxplot.Which of the points, if any, are outliers?If a histogram were constructed, would it be skewed to the left, skewed to the right, orapproximately symmetric?arrow_forward
- Stressed-Out Bus Drivers. Previous studies have shown that urban bus drivers have an extremely stressful job, and a large proportion of drivers retire prematurely with disabilities due to occupational stress. In the paper, “Hassles on the Job: A Study of a Job Intervention With Urban Bus Drivers” (Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 20, pp. 199–208), G. Evans et al. examined the effects of an intervention program to improve the conditions of urban bus drivers.Amongother variables, the researchers monitored diastolic blood pressure of bus drivers in downtown Stockholm, Sweden. The data, in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), on the WeissStats site are based on the blood pressures obtained prior to intervention for the 41 bus drivers in the study. Use the technology of your choice to do the following. a. Obtain a normal probability plot, boxplot, histogram, and stemand-leaf diagram of the data. b. Based on your results from part (a), can you reasonably apply the one-mean t-test to the…arrow_forwardThe authors of the article “Predictive Model for PittingCorrosion in Buried Oil and Gas Pipelines”(Corrosion, 2009: 332–342) provided the data on whichtheir investigation was based.a. Consider the following sample of 61 observations onmaximum pitting depth (mm) of pipeline specimensburied in clay loam soil. 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.48 0.480.58 0.79 0.79 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.91 0.94 0.941.02 1.04 1.04 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.171.17 1.19 1.19 1.27 1.40 1.40 1.59 1.59 1.601.68 1.91 1.96 1.96 1.96 2.10 2.21 2.31 2.462.49 2.57 2.74 3.10 3.18 3.30 3.58 3.58 4.154.75 5.33 7.65 7.70 8.13 10.41 13.44Construct a stem-and-leaf display in which the twolargest values are shown in a last row labeled HI.b. Refer back to (a), and create a histogram based oneight classes with 0 as the lower limit of the firstclass and class widths of .5, .5, .5, .5, 1, 2, 5, and 5,respectively.c. The accompanying comparative boxplot fromMinitab shows plots of pitting depth for four differenttypes of soils.…arrow_forwardAn article in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science (Vol. 56, pp. 471–476, 1995) studied the effect of the mole ratio of sebacic acid on the intrinsic viscosity of copolyesters.- The data follows: Viscosity 0.45 0.2 0.34 0.58 0.7 0.57 0.55 0.44 Mole ratio 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 (a) Construct a scatter diagram of the data.arrow_forward
- The article “Differences in Susceptibilities of Different Cell Lines to Bilirubin Damage” (K. Ngai, C. Yeung, and C. Leung, Journal of Paediatric Child Health, 2000:36–45) reports an investigation into the toxicity of bilirubin on several cell lines. Ten sets of human liver cells and 10 sets of mouse fibroblast cells were placed into solutions of bilirubin in albumin with a 1.4 bilirubin/albumin molar ratio for 24 hours. In the 10 sets of human liver cells, the average percentage of cells surviving was 53.9 with a standard deviation of 10.7. In the 10 sets of mouse fibroblast cells, the average percentage of cells surviving was 73.1 with a standard deviation of 9.1. Find a 98% confidence interval for the difference in survival percentages between the two cell lines.arrow_forwardDetermine the kurtosis if the data given is a sample.arrow_forwardAn urban community wants to show that the incidence of breast cancer is higher in their locality than in a neighboring rural area. (PCB levels were found to be higher in the soil of the urban community). If you find that in the urban community 20 out of 200 adult women have breast cancer and that in the rural community 10 out of 150 adult women have it, could you conclude, at a significance level of 0.05, that breast cancer is more prevalent in the urban community?1. The parameter of interest is:2. The hypotheses for this test are:3. The calculated test statistic is:4. The critical region is:5. Draw the critical region (make decision):6. It can be concluded that:arrow_forward
- The article “Withdrawal Strength of Threaded Nails” (D. Rammer, S. Winistorfer, and D. Bender, Journal of Structural Engineering 2001:442–449) describes an experiment comparing the ultimate withdrawal strengths (in N/mm) for several types of nails. For an annularly threaded nail with shank diameter 3.76 mm driven into spruce-pine-fir lumber, the ultimate withdrawal strength was modeled as lognormal with μ = 3.82 and σ = 0.219. For a helically threaded nail under the same conditions, the strength was modeled as lognormal with μ = 3.47 and σ = 0.272. a) What is the mean withdrawal strength for annularly threaded nails? b) What is the mean withdrawal strength for helically threaded nails? c) For which type of nail is it more probable that the withdrawal strength will be greater than 50 N/mm? d) What is the probability that a helically threaded nail will have a greater withdrawal strength than the median for annularly threaded nails? e) An experiment is performed in which withdrawal…arrow_forwardThe spike stature of the plants grown from the seeds of the porcine separates (Dactylis glomerata L) collected from the University campus and İbradı Eynif pasture are given below. In this plant, compare whether there is a difference between regions in terms of spike height. Virgo Height (cm) Data obtained from plants collected from university campus 5 6 8 7 8 6 5 5 4 6 6 Data obtained from plants collected from Eynif pasture 12 9 11 9 9 11 9 10 11 10 Note: Your results interpretation according to two different possibilities (Do it separately, assuming that it is 0.07 and 0.04).arrow_forwardAn article in Technometrics (1974, Vol. 16, pp. 523–531) considered the following stack-loss data from a plant oxidizing ammonia to nitric acid. Twenty-one daily responses of stack loss (the amount of ammonia escaping) were measured with air flow x1, temperature x2, and acid concentration x3. y = 42, 37, 37, 28, 18, 18, 19, 20, 15, 14, 14, 13, 11, 12, 8, 7, 8, 8, 9, 15, 15 x1 = 80, 80, 75, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 56, 70 x2 = 27, 27, 25, 24, 22, 23, 24, 24, 23, 18, 18, 17, 18, 19, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 20 x3 = 89, 88, 90, 87, 87, 87, 93, 93, 87, 80, 89, 88, 82, 93, 89, 86, 72, 79, 80, 82, 91 (a) Fit a linear regression model relating the results of the stack loss to the three regressor variables. (b) Estimate σ2. (c) Find the standard error se(βj). (d) Use the model in part (a) to predict stack loss when x1 = 60, x2 = 26, and x3 = 85.arrow_forward
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