Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 7.5, Problem 2COMQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Transformation is the genetic alteration of the cell resulting from incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surrounding through the cell membrane. Transformation occuring as a natural process that has evolved in certain species of bacteria is called natural transformation.
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Which of the following apply to the development of streptomycin resistance in E. coli?
Check That Apply
A. The E. coli population has genetic variation
B. The selective agent is streptomycin
C. The mutation resulting in streptomycin resistance is random
D. E coll changes its gene structure to become antobiotic resistant in the presence of streptomycin
Which of the following is an example of horizontal gene transfer?
a. the transmission of an eye color gene from father to daughter
b. the transmission of a mutant gene causing cystic fibrosis from father to daughter
c. the transmission of a gene conferring pathogenicity (the ability to cause disease) from one bacterial species to another
d. the transmission of a gene conferring antibiotic resistance from a mother cell to its two daughter cells
e. all of the above
Which process of DNA transfer in bacteria requires a virus?
a. Conjugation
b. Transduction
c. Transformation
d. All of the above
Chapter 7 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 7.1 - 1. A form of genetic transfer that involves the...Ch. 7.2 - 1. A bacterial cell with an F factor conjugates...Ch. 7.2 - 2. Which of the following is a type of plasmid?...Ch. 7.3 - 1. With regard to conjugation, a key difference...Ch. 7.3 - 2. In mapping experiments, ______ strains are...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 7.4 - Cotransduction may be used to map bacterial genes...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 7.6 - 1. Which of the following is an example of...
Ch. 7 - 1. The terms conjugation, transduction, and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 7 - If you mix together an equal number of F+ and F...Ch. 7 - What is the difference between an F+ and an Hfr...Ch. 7 - 5. What is the role of the origin of transfer...Ch. 7 - 6. What is the role of sex pili during...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 7 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 7 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 7 - 10. What is cotransduction? What determines the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 7 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 7 - Describe the steps that occur during bacterial...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14CONQCh. 7 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 7 - Antibiotics such as tetracycline, streptomycin,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1EQCh. 7 - 2. In the experiment of Figure 7.1, Lederberg and...Ch. 7 - Explain how a U-tube apparatus can distinguish...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4EQCh. 7 - 5. In a conjugation experiment, what is meant by...Ch. 7 - In your laboratory, you have an F strain of E....Ch. 7 - 7. As mentioned in question 2 of More Genetic...Ch. 7 - An Hfr strain that is hisE+ and pheA+ was mixed...Ch. 7 - Acridine orange is a chemical that inhibits the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10EQCh. 7 - Prob. 11EQCh. 7 - Lets suppose a new strain of P1 phage has been...Ch. 7 - If two bacterial genes are 0.6 minute apart on the...Ch. 7 - 14. In a cotransduction experiment involving P1,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15EQCh. 7 - Prob. 16EQCh. 7 - 1. Discuss the advantages of the genetic analysis...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2QSDC
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- why do the bacteria grow up to the edge of the area with antibiotics, pause, then continue to grow across the area with antibiotics? A) The antibiotics caused mutations in the DNA of the bacteria, making them resistant to the antibiotics. B) The bacteria mutated as a survival response to the presence of antibiotics, enabling the bacteria to become resistant to the antibiotics. C)A few bacteria experienced random mutations in their DNA, which allowed some of them to grow even though antibiotics were present. D) Researchers added antibiotic resistant bacteria to the culture, so that the bacteria would continue to grow across the area with antibiotics.arrow_forwardA form of genetic transfer that involves the uptake of a fragment of DNA from the environment is calleda. conjugation.b. transduction.c. transformation.d. all of the above.arrow_forwardWhy is overuse of antibiotics resulting in more antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria to evolve? A) The normal flora of the patient can no longer to outcompete the pathogen B) The antibiotics create the mutations that result in resistant organisms C) The antibiotic becomes less potent over time leading to resistance D) The patients begin to have less side-effects from the antibiotics E) The antibiotics provide the selective pressure for resistancearrow_forward
- How do scientists induce prokaryotes to produce human proteins?a. They insert human genes into bacterial genomes.b. They cross bacterial strains until the proteins arise at random.c. They inject bacteria into human muscles.d. All of the above are correct.arrow_forwardHorizontal gene transfera. is a process in which an organism incorporates genetic materialfrom another organism without being the offspring of thatorganism.b. can involve the exchange of genetic material among individuals ofthe same species.c. can involve the exchange of genetic material among individuals ofdifferent species.d. can be all of the above.e. can be a and b only.arrow_forwardAn example of bioremediation is A) the use of prokaryotes to treat sewage or clean up oil spills. B) the production of antibiotics by cultured prokaryotes. C) the application of bacteria to produce transgenic plants.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a method by which bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics? Select one: a. Utilise an alternate pathway of gene expression that is not targeted by the antibiotic. b. Alter the binding site of the antibiotic, to either prevent it binding, or remove it from the site. c. Production of enzymes that bind to and break down the specific antibiotic. d. Production of a cell membrane pump that translocates antibiotics outside the cell. A potential side effect of antibiotic use is a secondary bacterial or fungal infection, usually associated with regions like the skin, upper-respiratory tract or genitalia. What is the most likely reason for the formation of these secondary infections? Select one: a. Antibiotics do not work on viruses, so they are able to establish infections in these locations. b. Organisms that are antibiotic resistant are usually more virulent, meaning they can survive and cause infection. c. The antibiotic kills off normal flora, providing an…arrow_forwardWhich mechanism of antibiotic resistance is most likely to result in "cross resistance" against multiple antibiotic drugs resulting in the development of "superbugs"? a. Modification of drug target b. Enzyme deactivation of drug c. Efflux pumps d. Blocking entry of drug into the cellarrow_forwardDrug-resistant populations of microbes arise when __________________________. Group of answer choices a. exposure to drugs causes mutations in bacterial genes. b. exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells, allowing overgrowth of resistant cells. c. exposure to drugs alters gene expression in bacteria. d. synergy between medications occurs. e. the patient becomes immune to the drug.arrow_forward
- A transducing particle injects all of the DNA that it contains into a bacterial cell. Which of the following are TRUE? A. The bacterium becomes Hfr B. The bacterium becomes F+ C. The bacterium immediately acquires new functions as the injected DNA is rapidly transcribed and translated into mRNA and proteins D. This injected DNA can integrate into the bacterium’s genome through a process called recombinationarrow_forwardExplain the process of adaptation of individual organisms to their environment (i.e. some disease-causing bacteria in a bacterial population can survive exposure to antibiotics due to slight genetic variations from the rest of the population, which allows successful surviving bacteria to pass on antibiotic resistance to the next generation)arrow_forwardIn his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria andmice, Griffith found that(A) the protein coat from pathogenic cells wasable to transform nonpathogenic cells.(B) heat-killed pathogenic cells causedpneumonia.(C) some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred tononpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.(D) the polysaccharide coat of bacteria causedpneumonia.arrow_forward
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