Concept explainers
Static budget versus flexible budget
The production supervisor of the Machining Department for Hagerstown Company agreed to the following monthly static budget for the upcoming year:
The actual amount spent and the actual units produced in the first three months in the Machining Department were as follows:
The Machining Department supervisor has been very pleased with this performance because actual expenditures for May-July have been significantly less than the monthly static budget of $2,358,000. However, the plant manager believes that the budget should not remain fixed for every month but should “flex” or adjust to the volume of work that is produced in the Machining Department. Additional budget information for the Machining Department is as follows:
- a. Prepare a flexible budget for the actual units produced for May, June, and July in the Machining Department. Assume
depreciation is a fixed cost. - b. Compare the flexible budget with the actual expenditures for the first three months. What does this comparison suggest?
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Managerial Accounting
- Flexible budget for factory overhead Presented below are the monthly factory overhead cost budget (at normal capacity of 5,000 units or 20,000 direct labor hours) and the production and cost data for a month. The predetermined overhead rate is based on normal capacity. Required: 1. Assuming that variable costs will vary in direct proportion to the change in volume, prepare a flexible budget for production levels of 80%, 90%, and 110% of normal capacity. Also determine the predetermined factory overhead rate at each level of volume in both units and direct labor hours. 2. Prepare a flexible budget for production levels of 80%, 90%, and 110%, assuming that variable costs will vary in direct proportion to the change in volume, but with the following exceptions. (Hint: Set up a third category for semi-variable expenses.) a. At 110% of capacity, another supervisor will be needed at a salary of 24,000 annually. b. At 80% of capacity, the repairs expense will drop to one-half of the amount at 100% capacity. c. At 80% of capacity, one part-time maintenance worker, earning 10,000 a year, will be laid off. d. At 110% of capacity, a machine not normally in use and on which no depreciation is normally recorded will be used in production. Its cost was 12,000, it has a 10-year life, and straight-line depreciation will be taken.arrow_forwardFactory overhead cost variance report Tannin Products Inc. prepared the following factory overhead cost budget for the Trim Department for July of the current year, during which it expected to use 20,000 hours for production: Tannin has available 25,000 hours of monthly productive capacity in the Trim Department under normal business conditions. During July, the Trim Department actually used 22,000 hours for production. The actual fixed costs were as budgeted. The actual variable overhead for July was as follows: Construct a factory overhead cost variance report for the Trim Department for July.arrow_forwardDetermining Budgeted Overhead The overhead application rate for a company is 10 per unit, made up of 6 per unit of fixed overhead and 4 per unit of variable overhead. Normal capacity is 10,000 units. In one month there was a favorable flexible budget variance of 2,500. Actual overhead for the month was 110,000 and actual units produced were 13,125. Based on this information, determine the amount of the budgeted overhead for the actual level of production.arrow_forward
- Budgeted income statement and supporting budgets for three months Bellaire Inc. gathered the following data for use in developing the budgets for the first quarter (January, February, March) of its fiscal year: Estimated sales at 125 per unit: Estimated finished goods inventories: Work in process inventories are estimated to be insignificant (zero). Estimated direct materials inventories: Manufacturing costs: Selling expenses: Instructions Prepare the following budgets using one column for each month and a total column for the first quarter, as shown for the sales budget: Prepare a sales budget for March. Prepare a production budget for March. Prepare a direct materials purchases budget for March. Prepare a direct labor cost budget for March. Prepare a factory overhead cost budget for March. Prepare a cost of goods sold budget for March. Prepare a selling and administrative expenses budget for March. Prepare a budgeted income statement with budgeted operating income for March.arrow_forwardProduction budget Healthy Measures Inc. produces a Bath and Gym version of its popular electronic scale. The anticipated unit sales for the scales by sales region are as follows: The finished goods inventory estimated for March 1, for the Bath and Gym scale models is 11,800 and 8,100 units, respectively. The desired finished goods inventory for March 31 for the Bath and Gym scale models is 15,000 and 7,500 units, respectively. Prepare a production budget for the Bath and Gym scales for the month ended March 31.arrow_forwardPerformance Report Based on Budgeted and Actual Levels of Production Balboa Company budgeted production of 4,500 units with the following amounts: At the end of the year, Balboa had the following actual costs for production of 4,700 units: Required: 1. Calculate the budgeted amounts for each cost category listed above for the 4,500 budgeted units. 2. Prepare a performance report using a budget based on expected (budgeted) production of 4,500 units. 3. Prepare a performance report using a budget based on the actual level of production of 4,700 units.arrow_forward
- Preparing a performance report Use the flexible budget prepared in P7-6 for the 29,000-unit level of activity and the actual operating results listed below for the 29,000- unit level. Required: 1. Prepare a performance report. 2. List the major reasons why the actual operating income at 29,000 units differs from the master budget operating income at 30,000 units in Figure 7-12. 3. Given the level at which the company operated, how was its cost control? Item Direct materials: Direct labor:arrow_forwardPerformance Report Based on Budgeted and Actual Levels of Production Bowling Company budgeted the following amounts: At the end of the year, Bowling had the following actual costs for production of 3,800 units: Required: 1. Calculate the budgeted amounts for each cost category listed above for the 4,000 budgeted units. 2. Prepare a performance report using a budget based on expected production of 4,000 units. 3. Prepare a performance report using a budget based on the actual level of production of 3,800 units.arrow_forwardOperating Budget, Comprehensive Analysis Allison Manufacturing produces a subassembly used in the production of jet aircraft engines. The assembly is sold to engine manufacturers and aircraft maintenance facilities. Projected sales in units for the coming 5 months follow: The following data pertain to production policies and manufacturing specifications followed by Allison Manufacturing: a. Finished goods inventory on January 1 is 32,000 units, each costing 166.06. The desired ending inventory for each month is 80% of the next months sales. b. The data on materials used are as follows: Inventory policy dictates that sufficient materials be on hand at the end of the month to produce 50% of the next months production needs. This is exactly the amount of material on hand on December 31 of the prior year. c. The direct labor used per unit of output is 3 hours. The average direct labor cost per hour is 14.25. d. Overhead each month is estimated using a flexible budget formula. (Note: Activity is measured in direct labor hours.) e. Monthly selling and administrative expenses are also estimated using a flexible budgeting formula. (Note: Activity is measured in units sold.) f. The unit selling price of the subassembly is 205. g. All sales and purchases are for cash. The cash balance on January 1 equals 400,000. The firm requires a minimum ending balance of 50,000. If the firm develops a cash shortage by the end of the month, sufficient cash is borrowed to cover the shortage. Any cash borrowed is repaid at the end of the quarter, as is the interest due (cash borrowed at the end of the quarter is repaid at the end of the following quarter). The interest rate is 12% per annum. No money is owed at the beginning of January. Required: 1. Prepare a monthly operating budget for the first quarter with the following schedules. (Note: Assume that there is no change in work-in-process inventories.) a. Sales budget b. Production budget c. Direct materials purchases budget d. Direct labor budget e. Overhead budget f. Selling and administrative expenses budget g. Ending finished goods inventory budget h. Cost of goods sold budget i. Budgeted income statement j. Cash budget 2. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Form a group with two or three other students. Locate a manufacturing plant in your community that has headquarters elsewhere. Interview the controller for the plant regarding the master budgeting process. Ask when the process starts each year, what schedules and budgets are prepared at the plant level, how the controller forecasts the amounts, and how those schedules and budgets fit in with the overall corporate budget. Is the budgetary process participative? Also, find out how budgets are used for performance analysis. Write a summary of the interview.arrow_forward
- Preparing a performance report Use the flexible budget prepared in P7-6 for the 31,000-unit level and the actual operating results listed below for the 31,000-unit level. Required: 1. Prepare a performance report. 2. List the major reasons why the actual operating income at 31,000 units differs from the master budget operating income at 30,000 units in Figure 7-12. 3. Given the level at which the company operated, how was its cost control? Item Direct materials: Direct labor:arrow_forwardBefore the year began, the following static budget was developed for the estimated sales of 100,000. Sales are sluggish and management needs to revise its budget. Use this information to prepare a flexible budget for 80,000 and 90,000 units of sales.arrow_forwardSales, production, direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead budgets King Tire Co.s budgeted unit sales for the year 2016 were: The budgeted selling price for truck tires was 200 per tire, and for passenger car tires it was 65 per tire. The beginning finished goods inventories were expected to be 2,000 truck tires and 5,000 passenger tires, for a total cost of 326,478, with desired ending inventories at 2,500 and 6,000, respectively, with a total cost of 400,510. There was no anticipated beginning or ending work-in- process inventory for either type of tire. The standard materials quantities for each type of tire were as follows: The purchase prices of rubber and steel were 2 and 3 per pound, respectively. The desired ending inventories for rubber and steel were 60,000 and 6,000 lb, respectively. The estimated beginning inventories for rubber and steel were 75,000 and 7,000 lb, respectively. The direct labor hours required for each type of tire were as follows: The direct labor rate for each department is as follows: Budgeted factory overhead costs for 2016 were as follows: Required: Prepare each of the following budgets for King for the year ended December 31, 2016: 1. Sales budget. 2. Production budget. 3. Direct material budget. 4. Direct labor budget. 5. Factory overhead budget. 6. Cost of goods sold budget.arrow_forward
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