Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The mass flowrate and composition of the product streams are to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.
In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:
Here, ‘input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.
All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.
Mass fraction
…… (1)
Here,
(b)
Interpretation:
The cooling requirement of condenser,
Concept introduction:
According to the Hess’s law, the total enthalpy for a reaction is the sum of all the changes in the multiple steps of the reaction. According to this law, enthalpy is a state function.
Specific enthalpy
…… (2)
Here,
The rate of heat transfer is calculated as:
…… (3)
(c)
Interpretation:
The heating requirement of reboiler is to be calculated using overall energy balance.
Concept introduction:
In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:
Here, ‘input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.
All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.
The equation for energy balance is:
…… (4)
Here,
Specific heat capacity
Specific enthalpy
…… (2)
Here,
Kopp’s rule is an empirical method used to determine the specific heat capacity of a solid or liquid substance, as the sum of the heat capacities of each of the atoms present in the molecular formula of the substance.
In Trouton’s rule, entropy of vaporization at normal boiling point is same for most of the liquids which is
…… (5)
(d)
Interpretation:
The rate at which the steam is fed to the reboiler is to be calculated if condensation of saturated steam takes place at
Concept introduction:
The rate of heat transfer is calculated as:
…… (3)
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Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Binder Ready Version
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