Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Binder Ready Version
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Binder Ready Version
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781118431221
Author: Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher: WILEY
Question
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.69P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A complete labelled flowchart for the given process is to be drawn with temperatures and specific enthalpies of each of the streams being specified.

Concept introduction:

A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.

Specific heat capacity (Cp) of a substance is the amount of heat needed for a unit mass of substance to raise its temperature by 1C. It is temperature dependent and varies with temperature of the substance.

Specific enthalpy (H^) of any substance at temperature TC is given by:

H^=TrefTCpdT .....(1)

Here, Tref is the reference temperature taken for the calculations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The required feed rate of the steam in the first effect is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:

input+generationoutputconsumpumtion=accumulation

Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

The equation for energy balance is:

ΔH˙+ΔE˙k+ΔE˙p=Q˙W˙s .....(2)

Here, ΔH˙ is the change in the enthalpy of the system, ΔE˙k is the kinetic energy change of the system, ΔE˙p is the potential energy change of the system, Q˙ is the net energy which is transferred to a system and W˙s is the word done by the shaft.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The production rate of fresh water and the salt concentration in the final brine solution are to be calculated. Also, the reason for not including the condensate from the first effect to the production rate of fresh water is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:

input+generationoutputconsumpumtion=accumulation

Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

The equation for energy balance is:

ΔH˙+ΔE˙k+ΔE˙p=Q˙W˙s .....(2)

Here, ΔH˙ is the change in the enthalpy of the system, ΔE˙k is the kinetic energy change of the system, ΔE˙p is the potential energy change of the system, Q˙ is the net energy which is transferred to a system and W˙s is the word done by the shaft.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason for the decrease in the pressure from one effect to the next is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The saturation temperature of water at which it begins to boil and can exists in both liquid and vapor state, increases with increase in its pressure.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The required feed rate of saturated steam at 4 bar to achieve the production rate of fresh water as calculated in part (c) when single-effect evaporator at 0.20 bar is used. The condition to determine which process out of the two is more economical is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:

input+generationoutputconsumpumtion=accumulation

Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

The equation for energy balance is:

ΔH˙+ΔE˙k+ΔE˙p=Q˙W˙s .....(2)

Here, ΔH˙ is the change in the enthalpy of the system, ΔE˙k is the kinetic energy change of the system, ΔE˙p is the potential energy change of the system, Q˙ is the net energy which is transferred to a system and W˙s is the word done by the shaft.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Binder Ready Version

Ch. 8 - Chlorine gas is to be heated front 120°C and 1 atm...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.12PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.13PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.14PCh. 8 - Use the enthalpy function of APEx to calculate...Ch. 8 - A stream of carbon monoxide flowing at 300 kg/min...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.17PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.18PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.19PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.20PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.21PCh. 8 - Calculate the heat transfer (kJ) required to cool...Ch. 8 - Twenty liters of liquid n-propyl benzoate...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.24PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.25PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.26PCh. 8 - A fuel gas containing 95 mole% methane and the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.28PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.29PCh. 8 - Ever wonder why espresso costs much more per cup...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.31PCh. 8 - Saturated steam at 300°C is used to heat a...Ch. 8 - Pure ethane is burned completely with preheated...Ch. 8 - An adiabatic membrane separation unit is used to...Ch. 8 - A gas containing water vapor has a dry-basis...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.36PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.37PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.38PCh. 8 - In the manufacture of nitric acid, ammonia and...Ch. 8 - A natural gas containing 95 mole% methane and the...Ch. 8 - The heat capacity at constant pressure of a gas is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.42PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.43PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.44PCh. 8 - Calculate the heat of vaporization of water...Ch. 8 - Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a polymer product...Ch. 8 - Benzene vapor at 480°C is cooled and converted to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.48PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.49PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.50PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.51PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.52PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.53PCh. 8 - A stream of pure cyclopentane vapor flowing at a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.55PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.57PCh. 8 - A gas stream containing n-hexane in nitrogen with...Ch. 8 - A mixture of n-hexane vapor and air leaves a...Ch. 8 - An equimolar liquid mixture of n-pentane and...Ch. 8 - A liquid stream containing 50.0 mole% benzene and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.63PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.64PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.65PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.66PCh. 8 - An aqueous slurry at 30°C containing 20.0 wt%...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.68PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.69PCh. 8 - A liquid is placed in a wcll-insulatcd container,...Ch. 8 - A small pharmaceutical firm plans to manufacture a...Ch. 8 - Freeze drying is a technique for dehydrating...Ch. 8 - The manufacturers of a new oatmeal product want to...Ch. 8 - Freeze concentration is used to produce a...Ch. 8 - A mixture containing 35.0 mole% n-butane and the...Ch. 8 - A liquid mixture of benzene and toluene containing...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.79PCh. 8 - An outside-air sample is taken on a day when the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.83PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.84PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.85PCh. 8 - Wet solids pass through a continuous dryer. Hot...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.88PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.93PCh. 8 - The heat of solution of ammonia in water at 1 atm...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.96PCh. 8 - Sodium hydroxide is dissolved in enough water to...Ch. 8 - A sulfuric acid solution is labeled 8 N (where 1 N...Ch. 8 - You are about to dilute 2.00 mol of 100% sulfuric...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.100PCh. 8 - A 0.1 mole% caustic soda (NaOH) solution is to be...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.102PCh. 8 - Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is produced as a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.104PCh. 8 - Fifty milliliters of 100% H2SO4 at 25°C and 84.2...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.106PCh. 8 - One g-mole of pure liquid sulfuric acid at...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.108PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.110PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.111PCh. 8 - Taking as references pure liquid sulfuric acid at...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.113PCh. 8 - An NH3-H2O mixture containing 60wt% NH3 is brought...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.115P
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