Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9, Problem 6P
Agarose gels with different average pore sizes are needed to separate DNA molecules of different size classes. For example, optimal separation of 1100 bp and 1200 bp fragments would require a gel with a smaller average pore size than optimal separation of 8500 bp and 8600 bp fragments. How do you think that scientists prepare gels of different average pore sizes? (Hint: Agarose gels are made in a manner similar to gelatin desserts such as JELL-O.)
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 9 - Match each of the terms in the left column to the...Ch. 9 - For each of the restriction enzymes listed below:...Ch. 9 - The calculations of the average restriction...Ch. 9 - The DNA molecule whose entire sequence follows is...Ch. 9 - Why do longer DNA molecules move more slowly than...Ch. 9 - Agarose gels with different average pore sizes are...Ch. 9 - The following picture shows the ethidium...Ch. 9 - The linear bacteriophage genomic DNA has at each...Ch. 9 - Consider a partial restriction digestion, in which...Ch. 9 - The text stated that molecular biologists have...
Ch. 9 - a. What is the purpose of molecular cloning? b....Ch. 9 - a. DNA polymerase b. RNA polymerase c. A...Ch. 9 - Is it possible that two different restriction...Ch. 9 - A plasmid vector pBS281 is cleaved by the enzyme...Ch. 9 - A recombinant DNA molecule is constructed using a...Ch. 9 - Suppose you are using a plasmid cloning vector...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17PCh. 9 - The lacZ gene from E. coli encodes the enzyme...Ch. 9 - Your undergraduate research advisor has assigned...Ch. 9 - Which of the enzymes from the following list would...Ch. 9 - You use the primer 5 GCCTCGAATCGGGTACC 3 to...Ch. 9 - a. To make a genomic library useful for sequencing...Ch. 9 - Problem 15 showed part of the sequence of the...Ch. 9 - Eukaryotic genomes are replete with repetitive...
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- What is the concentration of a DNA solution that absorbs 0.812 and 0.463 at 260 and 280 nm, respectively? Is the DNA solution considered to be good quality? Why or why not?arrow_forwardHow would the appearance of your DNA gel change if a 0.1% agarose gel slab was used? What about a 7% agarose gel slab? For separating small fragments of DNA, is it better to use a 7% gel or a 0.1% gel? Why?arrow_forwardLet’s assume the linker region of DNA averages 54 bp in length. How many molecules of H2A would you expect to find in a DNA sample that is 46,000 bp in length?arrow_forward
- You are working in a biotechnology lab and are analyzing DNA. You obtain a sample of a short dodecamer of DNA that contains 12 base pairs. Assume the counterions present in your DNA solution are sodium ions. How many sodium ions must there be per dodecamer? Assume the 5′ end phosphates each bear a–1 charge.arrow_forwardThe ethidium bromide added to the agarose gels intercalates within the base pairs of the DNA double helix as it travels through the gel. Exposure to UV light causes the ethidium bromide to fluoresce, thus allowing for visualization of any DNA. How might this tendency of ethidium bromide to intercalate within the DNA double helix attribute to its carcinogenic properties in living organisms?arrow_forwardHow often, on average, will the endonuclease AluI, which cleaves the sequence 5’ AGCT 3’, cut normal DNA (assume equal amounts of each base)? (In other words, what will the average fragment size be after cutting?) Group of answer choices 256 bases 12 bases 40 bases 16 bases none of thesearrow_forward
- (a) What two enthalpic factors stabilize DNA in double-helical form at lowtemperature?(b) What entropic factor destabilizes helical DNA at high temperature?(c) Why is the double-helical structure of DNA stabilized at moderate tohigh ionic strength?arrow_forwardWhether done manually or automated, DNA sequencing gels are always made of polyacrylamide rather than agarose. Why can't agarose be used for a sequencing gel, as it is for other DNA gel electrophoresis?arrow_forwardDraw the following structures and rate their relative solubilities in water (most soluble to least soluble): deoxyribose, guanine, phosphate. How are these solubilities consistent with the three-dimensional structure of double-stranded DNA?arrow_forward
- The region of the normal hemoglobin gene used for genetic testing for sickle cell anemia contains a restriction site such that homozygous normal individuals show two DNA fragments. If a single nucleotide change in hemoglobin destroys that restriction site, then how many DNA fragments will be visible on a gel from individuals that are homozygous mutant? What about heterozygotes?arrow_forwardWhen DNA is heated, it denatures; that is, the strands separate because hydrogen bonds are broken and some base-stacking and hydrophobic interactions are disrupted. The higher the temperature, the larger the number of hydrogen bonds that are broken. After reviewing DNA base pair structure, determine which of the following molecules will denature first as the temperature is raised. Explain your reasoning. a. 5′-GCATTTCGGCGCGTTA-3′ 3′-CGTAAAGCCGCGCAAT-5′ b. 5′-ATTGCGCTTATATGCT-3′ 3′-TAACGCGAATATACGA-5′arrow_forwardThe relative proportions of cytosine-guanine and adeninethymine bonds in a DNA sample can be estimated by measuring its “melting temperature,” the temperature at which half of the DNA strands have pulled apart. Samples with a high percentage of cytosine-guanine pairs have a higher melting temperature than samples with a high percentage of adeninethymine pairs. Explain why this is so, considering the nature of the bonds that hold the base pairs together (look back at as shown).arrow_forward
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