Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 9, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A signaling molecule binds to a receptor on a cell and the initial signal is converted into a different signal by a group of proteins. This process is known as signal transduction.
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One advantage chemical signaling has over electrical signaling is thata. reaction to stimuli can happen very quickly.b. although it takes large amounts of chemicals, the chemical signals are efficient.c. chemical signals stick around longer than electrical signals and can be used for slow processes.d. chemical signals are used in response to external and internal stimuli.
The same signal can have different effects in different cells because there
a. are different receptor subtypes that initiate different signal transduction pathways.
b. may be different coactivators in different cells.
c. may be different target proteins in different cells’ signal transduction pathways.
d. All of the choices are correct.
Drugs and other medicine uses the concept of signaling. Cite some drugs how they mimic natural signal molecules. EXPLAIN EXTRENSIVELY
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 9.1 - Figure 9.1 Response of a yeast cell to glucose....Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.1 - Which type of signal, paracrine or endocrine, is...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 9.3 - In the case of signaling pathways involving...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9 - Prob. 1TYCh. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYCh. 9 - The relay protein Ras is part of the EGF pathway...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYCh. 9 - Prob. 1CQCh. 9 - Conceptual Questions What are the three stages of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3CQCh. 9 - Prob. 1COQCh. 9 - Prob. 2COQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed? A. The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. B. The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. C. The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A. D. The cell did not move toward or away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.arrow_forwardA biochemist is designing a new drug that will mimic the shape and function of a particular intercellular signaling molecule. Therefore she must produce a molecule that will bind to the receptor protein and... A. produce a cellular response by altering the Na+/K+ pump located near the receptor site. B. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately prevent a cellular response. C. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately produce a cellular response. D. induce a change in the phospholipid bilayer that causes a polar reversal allowing the molecules to be endocytose (engulfed).arrow_forwardDuring signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzymecatalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMParrow_forward
- Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are a. produced by the cell itself. b. secreted by neighboring cells. c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells. d. secreted by distant cells.arrow_forwardAmplification of a chemical signal occurs when? a. phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinase receptors is balanced by the immediate removal of phosphate groups by phosphatases b. a receptor in the plasma membrane activates several “first messenger” molecules while a signal molecule is bound to it c. a cAMP molecule activates one protein kinase molecule before being converted to AMP d. a receptor activates a single first messenger and a single second messengerarrow_forwardA signal transduction pathway leads to the regulation of one or more cellular activities. What does that mean? Explain in your own words step by step (as simpler as possible)arrow_forward
- For cellular transduction, why is it useful that phosphorylation cascades have a series of protein kinases? a. they amplify the original signal b. they always lead to the same cellular response c. the number of molecules used is small and fixed d. they are cell specificarrow_forwardDuring which step of signal transduction is a second messengerreleased into the cytoplasm?a. reception c. transductionb. response d. final steparrow_forwardEach adenylyl cyclase molecule produces many cAMP molecules in an example of (a) receptor up-regulation (b) receptor down-regulation (c) signal amplification (d) scaffolding (e) similarities produced by evolutionarrow_forward
- Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and phosphatases into the extracellular fluid (b) bind G proteins to cell membranes (c) increase accuracy but slow signaling cascades (d) organize groups of intracellular signaling moleculesinto signaling complexes (e) are transcription factors found mainly in plant cellsarrow_forwardExplain in your own words the mechanism of signal transduction?arrow_forwardDefine the main characteristics of a signal transduction pathway and give a specific example of such a pathway.arrow_forward
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