Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The formulas of the ionic compounds that will form from the pairs of elements potassium and sulfur, potassium and chlorine have to be determined. Also, the pair among potassium and sulfur, potassium and chlorine that has the greater lattice energy has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Lattice energy is used to determine the bond strength in ionic compounds. It is the heat of formation for ions of opposite charge in the gaseous phase combine to form an ionic solid.
Lattice energy is the energy required to separate a mole of an ionic solid into gaseous ions. It cannot be measured empirically but it can be estimated by the Born-Haber cycle.
The two main factors responsible for the magnitude of the lattice energy are the charge and radius of the bonded ions. The effect of those factors is as follows:
1. If the charge of the ions increases, the lattice energy increases.
2. If the size of the ions increases, the lattice energy decreases.
The magnitude of the lattice energy for any given ionic solid is determined by equation written as follows:
Here,
(b)
Interpretation:
The formulas of the ionic compounds that will form from the pairs of elements lithium and fluorine, rubidium and chlorine have to be determined. Also, the pair among potassium and sulfur, potassium and chlorine that has the greater lattice energy has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
- Arrange the following series of compounds in order of increasing lattice energies. (a) NaBr, NaCl, KBr (b) MgO, CaO, CaCl2 (c) LiF, BeF2, BeOarrow_forwardDefine the term lattice energy. Why, energetically, do ionic compounds form? Fig. 3-8 illustrates the energy changes involved in the formation of MgO(s) and NaF(s). Why is the lattice energy of MgO(s) so different from that of NaF(s)? The magnesium oxide is composed of Mg2+ and O2 ions. Energetically, why does Mg2+O2 form and not Mg+O? Why doesnt Mg3+O3 form?arrow_forwardWrite all resonance structures of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, a molecule with the same cyclic structure as benzene. In all structures, keep the CCl bond as a single bond. Which resonance structures are the most important?arrow_forward
- hat is the enthalpy change for a process? Is enthalpy a state function? In what experimental apparatus are enthalpy changes measured?arrow_forwardGiven the bonds C N, C H, C Br, and S O, (a) which atom in each is the more electronegative? (b) which of these bonds is the most polar?arrow_forwardWhich compound in each of the following pairs of ionic substances has the most negative lattice energy? Justify your answers. a. LiF, CsF b. NaBr, NaI c. BaCl2, BaO d. Na2SO4, CaSO4 e. KF, K2O f. Li2O, Na2Sarrow_forward
- Explain the decomposition of nitroglycerin in terms of relative bond enthalpies.arrow_forwardIn general the higher the charge on the ions in an ionic compound, the more favorable the lattice energy. Why do some stable ionic compounds have +1 charged ions even though +4, + 5, and +6 charged ions would have a more favorable lattice energy?arrow_forwardWhat main factors control the magnitude of lattice energies? Give a specific example of a compound that should have a high lattice energy, and explain why its lattice energy is high.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning