(a)
Interpretation:
The given data needs to be plotted using the spreadsheet including the least-squares line assuming a linear relationship between instrument reading and concentration.
Concept introduction:
The quality of water can be measured by turbidity. The degree in which the transparency of water is lost is known as turbidity. Ther higher the suspended solids, the higher is the turbidity of the water. It is measured by turbidimeter and the unit is Nephelometric Turbidity Units.
(b)
Interpretation:
The slope and intercept of the straight line from the graph needs to be determined.
Concept introduction: The quality of water can be measured by turbidity. The degree in which the transparency of water is lost is known as turbidity. Ther higher the suspended solids, the higher is the turbidity of the water. It is measured by turbidimeter and the unit is Nephelometric Turbidity Units.
(c)
Interpretation:
For the slope and intercept of the graph, standard deviation needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The quality of water can be measured by turbidity. The degree in which the transparency of water is lost is known as turbidity. Ther higher the suspended solids, the higher is the turbidity of the water. It is measured by turbidimeter and the unit is Nephelometric Turbidity Units.
(d)
Interpretation:
The concentration of the sulfate in the sample at turbidimeter reading 3.67 needs to be determined. The absolute standard deviation and coefficient of variation needs to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The quality of water can be measured by turbidity. The degree in which the transparency of water is lost is known as turbidity. Ther higher the suspended solids, the higher is the turbidity of the water. It is measured by turbidimeter and the unit is Nephelometric Turbidity Units.
(e)
Interpretation:
Assuming 3.67 as mean of six turbidimeter readings, the calculations in part (d) needs to be repeated.
Concept introduction:
The quality of water can be measured by turbidity. The degree in which the transparency of water is lost is known as turbidity. Ther higher the suspended solids, the higher is the turbidity of the water. It is measured by turbidimeter and the unit is Nephelometric Turbidity Units.
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Chapter A1 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
- A Medical Technology student was given a capsule of a multivitamins and she was asked to determine the % by mass (w/w) of ascorbic acid present in the capsule. The student analyzed the 2.001 g sample using volumetric titration. The following data was generated in the analysis: KIO3 + 5KI + 6H+ → 3I2 + 6K+ + 3H2O C6H8O6 + I2 → C6H6O6 + 2I- + 2H+ Table 1. Standardization of KIO3 Molarity of Ascorbic Acid Standard Solution 0.03542 M Volume of Ascorbic Acid 25.00 mL Volume of KIO3 8.70 mL Molarity of KIO3 ______________M Table 2. Determination of Ascorbic Acid Concnetration Initial burette reading, KIO3 0.00 mL Final burette reading, KIO3 33.60 mL Volume consumed, KIO3 33.60 mL MM of Ascorbic Acid 176.12 g/mole choices 7.30% 30.1% 33.6% 32.5%arrow_forwardThe solubility of borax, which is made up of sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O5(OH)4 8H2O), was analyzed. The dissolution of borax is: Na2B4O5(OH)4 • 8H2O(s) ⇌ 2 Na+(aq) + B4O5(OH)42–(aq) + 8 H2O(l) A 50 mL saturated solution was prepared. After filtration of solution, 5 mL aliquot was transferred to a flask and titrated using 0.432 M HCl. The endpoint was found to be 4.73 mL of the titrant. Tetraborate anion (B4O5(OH)42-) is a weak base which reacts with HCl like the following reaction: B4O5(OH)42–(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 3 H2O(l) ⇌ 4 H3BO3(aq) What is Ksp expression for the dissolution? What is the tetraborate ions concentration in the filtrate? What is the molar solubility and Ksp of borax if the titration was done at room temperature (298 K)?arrow_forwardDerive a general expression that shows pH dependence of the distributioncoefficient defined in (2-20) for a weak acid between a fermentation broth and an organic solvent.arrow_forward
- Calculate the gravimetric factor of the following. 2 Fe3O4 is sought(Analyte), 3 Fe2O3 is weighed (Precipitate) 2 Fe is sought(Analyte), 1Fe2O3 is weighed (Precipitate)arrow_forwardDistinguish the terms end point and equivalence point.arrow_forwardCalculate: 1)mean Experimental solubility of calcium hydroxide 2)Standard deviation 3)RSD(pph)arrow_forward
- The precipitation of Al(OH)3 (Ksp = 1.3 x 10-33) is sometimesused to purify water. (a) Estimate the pH at whichprecipitation of Al(OH)3 will begin if 5.0 lb of Al2(SO4)3is added to 2000 gal of water. (b) Approximately howmany pounds of CaO must be added to the water toachieve this pH?arrow_forwardDescribe the effect, if any the following procedural errors would have on the calculated value of the Ksp. Is the dissolution of Ca(IO3)2 in water endothermic or exothermic? Write an equation for the process, including the heat of reaction.arrow_forwardExplain the difference between 'stoichiometric (equivalence) point' and 'end point' in the context of a titration.arrow_forward
- In one trial determination of the concentration of NaOCl in the diluted bleach sample, 10.00 mL of the diluted bleach solution required 23.32 mL of 0.0195 M Na2S2O3 titrant to reach the endpoint. What is the molar concentration of NaOCl in the diluted bleach solution?arrow_forwardAs part of a soil analysis on a plot of land, a scientist wants to determine the ammonium content using gravimetric analysis with sodium tetraphenylborate, Na+B(C6H5)4−. Unfortunately, the amount of potassium, which also precipitates with sodium tetraphenylborate, is non‑negligible and must be accounted for in the analysis. Assume that all potassium in the soil is present as K2CO3 and all ammonium is present as NH4Cl. A 5.095 g soil sample was dissolved to give 0.500 L of solution. A 150.0 mL aliquot was acidified and excess sodium tetraphenylborate was added to precipitate both K+ and NH4+ ions completely. B(C6H5)4-+K+⟶KB(C6H5)4(s) B(C6H5)4-+NH4+⟶NH4B(C6H5)4(s) The resulting precipitate amounted to 0.269 g. A new 300.0 mL aliquot of the original solution was made alkaline and heated to remove all of the NH4+ as NH3. The resulting solution was then acidified, and excess sodium tetraphenylborate was added to give 0.129 g of precipitate. Find the mass percentages of NH4Cl and…arrow_forwardPseudogoutis caused by the formation of calcium diphosphate (Ca2P2O7) crystals in tendons, cartilage and ligaments, usually occurring if diphosphate levels in blood plasma 7 become very If the [Ca2+] in blood plasma is 9.2 mg/dL and Ksp for Ca2P2O7 is 8.64 x 10-13, what is the minimum concentration of diphosphate P2O 4- necessary for precipitation?arrow_forward
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning