(i) When there is a deficiency of thiamine, blood levels of pyruvate and a- ketoglutarate increase, especially after a high-glucose meal . Explain the observations mentioned. (ii) Explain how El of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is regulated using covalent modification
Q: Identify the means by which the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is regulated.
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Q: Briefly describe the dual role of lipoic acid in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
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Q: Give one metabolic intermediate that is released as pyruvate is oxidized by the pyruvate…
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Q: Draw a plausible mechanism for the oxidation of dihydrolipoamide to lipoamide by the E, subunit…
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Q: Compare the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in muscle and in liver.
A: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a multienzyme complex that contains three enzymes that are…
Q: Predict which one of the five steps of the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex reaction is…
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- Extending the Mechanism of Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase to Similar Reactions Based on the mechanism for the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (see problem 14), write reasonable mechanisms for the following reactions shown.Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.
- Draw a plausible mechanism for the oxidation of dihydrolipoamide to lipoamide by the E3 subunit (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.The enzyme, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is present in both pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. What type of reaction is catalyzed by these complexes? Describe the role of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase in these reactions.Briefly describe the dual role of lipoic acid in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- The “bridge reaction”, using pyruvate dehydrogenase, is highly exergonic and is essentially irreversible. Name the 3 outcomes (name any activated carriers produced, name the molecule that is produced from losing one carbon atom from pyruvate, and name any modification to the remaining two carbon compound of interest ) of the separate enzyme activities found within the large dehydrogenase complex.Describe in detail the structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.Draw a plausible mechanism for the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase.