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All Textbook Solutions for An Introduction to Physical Science
An electric circuit that is not a complete path is called a(n) ___ circuit. (8.2)6FIB7FIB8FIB9FIB10FIB11FIB12FIB1SAA large charge +Q and a small charge q are a short distance apart. How do the electric forces on each charge compare? Is this comparison described by another physical law? (Hint: See Chapter 3.4.)Explain how a charged rubber comb attracts bits of paper and how a charged balloon sticks to a wall or ceiling.Why do clothes sometimes stick together when removed from a dryer?5SA6SA7SAIf the drift velocity in a conductor is so small, then why does an auto battery influence the starter as soon as you turn the ignition switch?9SAWhy are home appliances connected in parallel rather than in series?Compare the safety features of (a) fuses, (b) circuit breakers, (c) three-prong plugs, and (d) polarized plugs.12SASometimes resistances in a circuit are described as being connected head to tail and all heads and all tails connected together. What is being described?Why do iron filings show magnetic field patterns?Compare the law of charges and the law of poles.16SAWhat is the principle of an electromagnet?(a) What does the Earths magnetic field resemble, and where are its poles? (b) Why do airline pilots and ship navigators guided by compasses have to make corrections to stay on a course charted on a map?Describe the basic principle of a dc electric motor.What happens (a) when a proton moves parallel to a magnetic field and (b) when a proton moves perpendicular to a magnetic field?21SA22SA23SABody injury from electricity depends on the magnitude of the current and its path (see the 8.2 Highlight: Electrical Effects on Humans, section 8.3). However, signs warning Danger. High Voltage are commonly seen ( Fig. 8.35). Shouldnt the signs refer to high current? Explain. Figure 8.35 High Voltage or High Current?1VC1AYK2AYKAnswer both parts of Question 2 for a charge of +1 C placed at one end of the meterstick and a charge of 1 C placed at the other.An old saying about electrical safety states that you should keep one hand in your pocket when working with high voltage electricity. What does this mean?5AYK6AYK7AYKSuppose you are on an expedition to locate the magnetic north pole. (Assume it is still on land to make it easier to plant a flag.) How would you go about locating it? (Hint: Think of inclination.)How many electrons make up one coulomb of charge? (Hint: q = ne.)An object has one million more electrons than protons. What is the net charge of the object?What are the forces on two charges of +0.60 C and +2.0 C, respectively, if they are separated by a distance of 3.0 m?Find the force of electrical attraction between a proton and an electron that are 5.3 1011 m apart (the arrangement in the hydrogen atom). Compare this force to the gravitational force between these particles (see Chapter 3.5).There is a net passage of 4.8 1018 electrons by a point in a wire conductor in 0.25 s. What is the current in the wire?A current of 1.50 A flows in a conductor for 6.5 s. How much charge passes a given point in the conductor during this time?To separate a 0.25-C charge from another charge, 30 J of work is done. What is the electric potential energy of the charge?8EIf an electrical component with a resistance of 50 is connected to a 120-V source, then how much current flows through the component?What battery voltage is necessary to supply 0.50 A of current to a circuit with a resistance of 30 ?A car radio draws 0.25 A of current in the autos 12-V electrical system. (a) How much electric power does the radio use? (b) What is the effective resistance of the radio?A flashlight uses batteries that add up to 3.0 V and has a power output of 0.50 W. (a) How much current is drawn from the batteries? (b) What is the effective resistance of the flashlight?How much does it cost to run a 1500-W hair dryer 30 minutes each day for a month (30 days) at a cost of 12 per kWh?14EA 24- component is connected to a 12-V battery. How much energy is expended per second?16EThe heating element of an iron operates at 110 V with a current of 10 A. (a) What is the resistance of the iron? (b) What is the power dissipated by the iron?A 100-W light bulb is turned on. It has an operating voltage of 120 V. (a) How much current flows through the bulb? (b) What is the resistance of the bulb? (c) How much energy is used each second?Two resistors with values of 25 and 35 , respectively, are connected in series and hooked to a 12-V battery. (a) How much current is in the circuit? (b) How much power is expended in the circuit?20EA student in the laboratory connects a 10- resistor, a 15- resistor, and a 20- resistor in series and then connects the arrangement to a 50-V dc source. (a) How much current is in the circuit? (b) How much power is expended in the circuit?22EA 30.0- resistor and a 60.0- resistor in series are connected to a 120-V dc source. (a) What is (are) the current(s) through the resistors? (b) What is the voltage drop across each resistor?A 30.0- resistor and a 60.0- resistor in parallel are connected to a 120-V dc source. (a) What is (are) the current(s) through the resistors? (b) What is the voltage drop across each resistor?25EA transformer has 600 turns on its primary and 200 turns on its secondary. (a) Is it a step-up or a step-down transformer? (b) If a voltage of 100 V is applied to the primary and a current of 0.25 A flows in these windings, then what are the voltage output of the secondary and the current in the secondary?A transformer with 1000 turns in its primary coil has to decrease the voltage from 4400 V to 220 V for home use. How many turns should there be on the secondary coil?A power company transmits current through a 240,000-V transmission line. This voltage is stepped down at an area substation to 40,000 V by a transformer that has 900 turns on the primary coil. How many turns are on the secondary of the transformer?1PQ2PQ1PQ2PQ9.1CE1PQWhen does a hydrogen atom emit or absorb radiant energy?9.2CE9.3CE9.4CE1PQ2PQ1PQ2PQ1PQ2PQ9.5CE1PQ2PQAMBMCMDMEMFMGMHMIMJMKMLMMMNMOMPMQM1MC2MC3MC4MC5MC6MC7MC8MC9MC10MC11MC12MC13MC14MC1FIB2FIB3FIB4FIB5FIB6FIB7FIB8FIB9FIB10FIB11FIB12FIB1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9SA10SA11SA12SA13SA14SA15SA16SA17SA18SA19SA20SA21SA22SA23SA24SA25SA26SA27SA28SA29SA30SA31SA32SA33SA34SAVisualize the connection for the descriptions of motions in the sections and give answers in the blanks.1AYK2AYK3AYK4AYK5AYK1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E11E12EWhat original elements did Aristotle think composed all matter on the Earth?2PQ1PQ2PQ10.1CE1PQ2PQ10.2CE10.3CE10.4CE10.5CE10.6CEWhat quantities are conserved in nuclear reactions?2PQ10.7CE1PQ2PQ10.8CEWhere does nuclear fusion occur naturally?2PQ10.9CE1PQ2PQ1PQ2PQAMBMCMDMEMFMGMHMIMJMKMLMMMNMOMPMQMRMSMTMUMVMWMXMYMZM1MC2MC3MC4MCWhich radioactive decay mode does not result in a different nuclide? (10.3) (a) alpha (b) beta (c) gamma (d) all the preceding6MC7MC8MCHow many half-lives would it take for a sample of a radio-active isotope to decrease its activity to 164 of the original amount? (10.3) (a) 5 (b) 16 (c) 6 (d) 32Which of the following is not conserved in all nuclear reactions? (10.4) (a) nucleons (b) mass number (c) atomic number (d) neutron number11MC12MC13MCWhich unit is most closely associated with the biological effects of radiation? (10.7) (a) the curie (b) the rem (c) the becquerel (d) the cpm15MC1FIB2FIBThe collective name for neutrons and protons in a nucleus is ___. (10.2)4FIBNo stable nuclides exist that have Z greater than ___. (10.3)6FIBThe amount of a radioactive isotope will have dropped to 6.25% of what it was originally after ___ half-lives have elapsed. (10.3)8FIB9FIBFor an atomic bomb to explode, a(n) ____ mass is necessary. (10.5)In discussions of nuclear fusion reactions, the letter D stands for ___. (10.6)12FIB1SA2SA3SA4SA5SAWhat evidence is there to support the idea that the strong nuclear force is stronger than the electric force?7SA8SA9SA10SA11SA12SA13SA14SA15SA16SA17SAAfter three half-lives have gone by, what fraction of a sample of a radioactive isotope remains?19SA20SA21SA22SA23SA24SA25SA26SA27SA28SA29SA30SA31SA32SA33SA34SA35SA36SA37SA38SA39SA