Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 11P

Some anaerobic bacteria use alternative pathways for glucose catabolism that convert glucose to acetate rather than to pyruvate. Shown below is one possible metabolic pathway. The first part of this pathway (glucose to fructose-1 ,6-bisphosphate) is identical to the glycolytic pathway. In the second part of the alternative pathway, Enzymes 1—6 all have mechanisms/activities analogous to enzymes in glycolysis. Note that there are two bond C-C cleavage reactions in this new pathway.

A → B + C (Enzyme 1) and

C → B + D. All the steps where ATP is consumed or generated have been shown; however, the addition or loss of NAD+/NADH, Pi,

H2O, or has not been shown explicitly. Draw the structures for the intermediates B, F, G, H, and l, and include other reaction participants as needed.

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In glycolysis, the KM value of hexoquinase is 0.04 mM.  At physiological conditions, the cellular concentration of glucose is between 4 mM to 15 mM.  According with this information, which of the following statements is true (Choose all that are correct)     The enzyme has a low affinity for its substrate     The enzme is working at its maximum velocity     The phosphorilation of glucose is very slow     The small value of KM assures that glycolysis will continue even when the concentration of glucose drops below 4 mM.      The hexoquinase is saturated with glucose
During gluconeogenesis, the three irreversible steps of glycolysis have to be bypassed. The first step is the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Which of the following statement is false regarding the reaction step? Select one: a. Conversion of oxaloacetate from pyruvate occurs in mitochondria and shuttled into the cytosol. b. Formation of phosphoenolpyruvate requires both ATP and GTP as an energy source. c. Acetyl CoA is an activator of enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. d. This reaction involves two-step process catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Steps 1 and 3 in glycolysis are catalyzed by [kinases/phosphatases] and the reversal of these enzymatic steps are catalyzed by [kinases/phosphatases] in gluconeogenesis. The pyruvate kinase step in glycolysis is reversed by two enzymes in gluconeogenesis, with the intermediate metabolite being shared between gluconeogenesis and [glycolysis/citric acid cycle]. The overall pathway of gluconeogenesis is thus [endergonic/exergonic]. Lactate dehydrogenase is [reversible/irreversible] which also has implications for which metabolites are glucogenic or not.   help fill in the blanks

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Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY