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Concept explainers
a.
To determine:
The genotype and
Introduction:
The mating between the two strains
b.
To determine:
The genotype and phenotype of haploid spores formed by a single crossover between URA3 and centromere.
Introduction:
A single crossover between URA3 and centromere will result in the displacement of ura3 and URA3 genetic markers.
c.
To determine:
The genotype and phenotype of haploid spores formed by a double crossover that involves same two chromatids each time.
Introduction:
In the case of double crossover, the first crossover between URA3 and centromere will displace ura3 and URA3. The second crossover that occurred between ARG9 and arg9 will displace arg9 and ARG9.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
- In a germline progenitor cell before DNA replication (2N), a translocation occurred between a telocentric and submetacentric chromosome resulting in a translocation heterozygote. The location of the translocation is illustrated below. Draw the Prophase I pairing conformation that would result from this translocation. The four types of chromosomes you have now can be labeled as follows: T-WT (telocentric wild type), T-TL (telocentric translocation), SM-WT (submetacentric wild type), and SM-TL (submetacentric translocation). Using these labels, list (please do not draw) the possible outcomes of Anaphase I and the possible phenotypes for each outcome. Please explain your reasoning for each phenotype in a few words. asaparrow_forwardA diploid individual is heterozygous for a chromosome rearrangement. The original chromosome and its rearranged homolog have the following segments, where ∙ represents a centromere: A B ∙ C D E F G A B ∙ C F E D G While paired in prophase I, a single crossing-over occurs between segment E and segment D of the paired chromosomes. Describe the unusual crossing-over structure that forms as a result.What gamete types will result from crossing over when meiosis is complete? please asaparrow_forwardMap distances were determined for four differentgenes (MAT, HIS4, THR4, and LEU2) on chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae:HIS4 ↔ MAT 37 cMTHR4 ↔ LEU2 35 cMLEU2 ↔ HIS4 23 cMMAT ↔ LEU2 16 cMMAT ↔ THR4 20 cMWhat is the order of genes on the chromosome?arrow_forward
- In a human genetic study, a family with five phenotypicallynormal children was investigated. Two children were “homozygous”for a Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes19 and 20 (they contained two identical copies of the fusedchromosome). They have only 44 chromosomes but a completegenetic complement. Three of the children were “heterozygous”for the translocation and contained 45 chromosomes,with one translocated chromosome plus a normal copy of bothchromosomes 19 and 20. Two other pregnancies resulted instillbirths. It was later discovered that the parents were firstcousins. Based on this information, determine the chromosomecompositions of the parents. What led to the stillbirths? Whywas the discovery that the parents were first cousins a key pieceof information in understanding the genetics of this family?arrow_forwardConsider the following two nonhomologous wildtype chromosomes, where letters or numbers represent genes, the "-" represents the centromere of each chromosome, and chromosomes are shown on separate lines. ABCDE-FGHIJK 123-45678 Identify the type of rearrangement shown in each of the following (A-C) and then identify whether it is balanced or unbalanced. Assume that the individual is diploid and heterozygous for the rearrangement. A. ABCDE-FGHIJKGH 123-45678 Rearrangement: [Select] • Balanced or Unbalanced: [Select] B. ABCDGF-EHIJK 123-45678 Rearrangement: [Select] Balanced or Unbalanced: [Select]arrow_forwardA diploid species has 3 pairs of chromosomes in its somatic cells. In males, the first pair is large submetacentric[1]; the second is medium acrocentric[2], and the third is small telocentric[3]. In females, the first two pairs are like those of the males while the third is large metacentric[4][5], with satellite4 Illustrate the karyograms (drawing/picture of the chromosome) of the following: A triploid cell in females tetrasomic cell in males tetraploid cell in females [1] submetacentric --centrosome is just above the middle of the chromosome [2] acrocentric --centrosome is much higher location than submetacentric so that the “p” arm of the chromosome is much shorter than the q arm [3] telocentric --the centromere is at the end of the chromosome [4] metacentric --centrosome is in the middle of the chromosome; thus the “p-arm” and the “q-arm” or both arms of the chromosome are equal in length [5] satellite-a constriction in an arm of a chromosome, aside…arrow_forward
- An individual is heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation, with the following chromosomes: A • B C D E F A • B C V W X R ST • U D E F R ST • U V W X Q. Explain why the fertility of this individual is likely to be less than the fertility of an individual without a translocation.arrow_forwardIn an electrophoretic gel across which is applied a powerful electrical alternating pulsed field, the DNA of the haploid fungus Neurospora crassa (n = 7) moves slowly but eventually forms seven bands, which represent DNA fractions that are of different sizes and hence have moved at different speeds. These bands are presumed to be the seven chromosomes. How would you show which band corresponds to which chromosome?arrow_forwardA cross between yeast strains ab x AB produces the following unordered tetrads: a. Label each group of tetrads as parental ditypes (PD), non-parental ditypes (NPD), or tetratypes (T). AB AB ab ab 43 6 22 b. Are the genes linked or on separate chromosomes? Why? aB aB Ab Ab Ab AB ab aB c. If the genes are linked determine the distance between them.arrow_forward
- An individual heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation possesses the following chromosomes: A B ● C D E F G, A B • C D V W X, R S •T U E F G, R S•T U V W Xa. Draw the pairing arrangement of these chromosomes in prophase 1 of meiosis. Mention their gametic composition. b. Draw the alternate, adjacent I, and adjacent II segregation patterns in anaphase I of meiosis. Mention their gametic composition.arrow_forwardRice has a chromosome number of 2n = 24. If different aneuploids are available in rice, identifythe specific aneuploidy that shows the following chromosomal configurations at diakinesis ormetaphase I. Also provide the formula and chromosome number of the different aneuploids. Complete the table. Chromosome configuration at diakinesis or metaphase I Specific Type of Aneuploidy Formula (e.g. 2n+1) Chromosome number (2n=24) Types of gametes n, n+1, n+2, n-1, n-2) a. 1 III + 11 II b. 1 IV + 11 II c. 1 I + 11 II d. 11 II e. 2 I + 10 IIarrow_forwardA cytogeneticist is studying the cells from an abnormal female monkey. In some cells, she finds that both X-chromosomes are active (i.e. not packaged into a Barr body), although one of the X-chromosomes appears shorter. She also finds that one of the autosomes are packaged as a Barr body, and she suspects that a translocation event might have been involved. By referring to the mechanism of X-chromosome inactivation, explain the observations made by the scientistarrow_forward
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