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Concept explainers
a.
To determine:
The DNA construct that can be used to exchange the yodA gene sequence with the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP).
Introduction:
The genes are the sequence of
b.
To determine:
The non-functionality of yodA gene in E.coli.
Introduction:
Mitotic recombination is considered to be a rare event in which the genetic recombination takes place in the somatic cells. The mitotic homologous recombination occurs typically between the sister chromatids after replication and before cell division.
c.
To determine:
The approach to keep yodA functional in the presence of the green fluorescent gene.
Introduction:
Auxotrophs are the organisms that lack the nutrient or substrate that is needed for their growth. This organism cannot synthesize such substrate and can only gain it from an external source like a medium.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
- Materials In order to determine the genetic material of a T2 phage, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conducted experiments using T2 phages that infected bacteria. In one treatment, they grew phages with radioactive sulfur. In another treatment, they grew phages with radioactive phosphorous. They allowed both types of phages to infect bacterial cells. After infection, they found that only bacteria infected with phages grown with radioactive phosphorous showed any radioactivity. Why did they use radioactive sulfur and phosphorous for this Updates Grades Members O Conferences DBQ Online experiment? * Newsela ormation O Sulfur is part of the DNA molecule but not part of a protein molecule. Biology Periods 1 and 2 Sulfur and phosphorous are some of the most reactive molecules and are easily ding periods school MP1, Highschool Highschool MP3, school MP4 traced. Sulfur and phosphorous are able to survive the centrifuge, a crucial component of the experiment. ion Phosphorous is part of the DNA…arrow_forwardUsually, bacteria only make tryptophan when tryptophan is absent or available in low concentration. However, a particular bacterial mutation makes tryptophan all the time whether or not tryptophan is present. What could explain this phenotype? A) the terminator hairpin is unable to form B) the antiterminator hairpin is unable to form C) trpE is mutated D) trpD is mutated E) trpA is mutatedarrow_forwardThe lac operon in E. coli bacteria codes for proteins that break down (digest) the disaccharide lactose. Therefore, the lac operon is expressed at its highest levels when there is: A) glucose but no lactose B) lactose and glucose C) lactose but no glucose D) no glucose or lactosearrow_forward
- In a process of production of a recombinant protein by E. coli cells, it was observed accumulation of acetate in the culture medium. In this situation, it can be said that: (a) certainly the process in question was being conducted in anaerobiosis (B).Acetate accumulation is advantageous for the process as the acetate formation reaction generates 1 molecule of ATP (c)Knowing that decreasing the temperature of the process causes a reduction in the rate of glycolysis, this could be a strategy to reduce the accumulation of acetate (d).the acetate formed can be re-assimilated by the cell if the glyoxylate pathway is activated at some point in the culturearrow_forwardIn the trp operon, if a mutation occurred in the gene for the repressor so that it could bind to the operator even in the absence of tryptophan____________. a) the inducer cannot bind trpO, so operon gene transcription occurs b) the active repressor cannot bind trpO, so operon gene transcription is attenuated c)the active repressor binds tpO, so operon gene transcription is always repressed d) the repressor binds the corepressor, and operon gene transcription occurs.arrow_forwardSay you have an operon called the CAKE operon, it contains genes for the enzymes require to convert C into E via following steps C-->A-->K-->E. 1) if this operon is *inducible*, the maximum level of the enzymes for A-->K is most likely made when there is: a) high level of C b) high level of E c) low level of C d) low level of E e) unpredictable - depends on whcih is the inducer molecule 2) if the operon is *repressible*, the maximum level of the enzymes for A-->K is most likely made when there is: a) high level of C b) high level of E c) low level of C d) low level of E e) unpredictable - depends on whcih is the co-repressor moleculearrow_forward
- In the presence of tryptophan, and a mutation in the allosteric domain that abolishes tryptophan binding______. a) the active repressor cannot bind trp), so operon gene transription is attenuated b) the inactive repressor cannot bind trpO, so operon gene transcription occurs] c) the active repressor binds trpP, so operon gene trasncription is repressed, the inducer cannot bind trpO, so gene transcription occurs d) the repressor binds to the corepressor, and an operon gene transcription occursarrow_forwardA number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which of the following strains would have the highest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, when grown in the lactose medium. O CAP+ r* p* o* z O CAP* I P* o* z* O CAP* r* P O* z* O CAP I P* O z*arrow_forwardThe lac operon contains the genes that the bacterium needs to be able to use lactose as a carbon source. What would happen to the regulation of the Lac operon if: a) a mutation has occurred in the Lac Z gene which results in the formation of no functional β-galactosidase b) a mutation has occurred in the CAP protein so that cAMP cannot bindarrow_forward
- In their studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae, members of Avery's lab demonstrated that bacteria can pick up and use DNA from the environment. This was the first documentation of the process now known as transformation. We now know that transformation a) can transfer up to 20 genes from the environment into a bacterial cell. b) can be made permanent if the stretch of DNA includes the operator sequence from an operon. c) occurs more readily if the bacterial cells have first been infected with a temperate bacteriophage. d) requires the presence of a geno for ampicillin resistance in the stretch of DNA. e) all of the above are true of transformation O f) none of the above is correctarrow_forwardIn a study, bacterial culture of E. coli was infected with bacteriophage. How- ever, these cultures were protected from phage infection. Interestingly, it was found that the resistance is due to endonudeases present in E. coli, which deaved the phage DNA. How is the E. coli genomic DNA protected from the action of these endonuclease enzymes?arrow_forwardA number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which of the following strains would have the highest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, when grown in the lactose medium. CAP It P+ O`Z+ CAP+ I P+ O+ Zt CAP+ It P- O+ Z+ CAP+ It P+ 0+ Zarrow_forward
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