EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103935432
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 13.1, Problem 4R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The experiments utilizing radioactive isotopes that would prove deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to be the genetic material and not proteins that are transferred to bacterial cells.
Introduction:
Some bacteria reproduce by various methods, one of them is by conjugation. During this type of reproduction, one of the bacteria carry an ‘F’ factor (genetic material called the plasmid), which is a determinant of donor cell, while the other bacteria does not carry any factor, this being the determinant of a recipient cell. The donor cell or the F+ bacteria, forms a conjugation tube between itself and the recipient cell (F−) in order to transfer the F-plasmid.
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Consider the following experiment. First, large populations of two mutant strains of Escherichia coli are mixed, each requiring a different, single amino acid. After plating them onto a minimal medium, 45 colonies grew. Which of the following may explain this result?
A) The colonies may be due to back mutation (reversion).
B) The colonies may be due to recombination.
C) Either A or B is possible.
D) Neither A nor B is possible.
In Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets.
Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly.
If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.
We have two specific strains of E. coli that have shown horizontal gene transfer (HGT) when mixed. To experimentally determine the method of HGT that is happening, the following conditions are set up in different tubes of culture media:
A) Donor and recipient strain mixed together (control - no treatment).
B) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, DNase added (can digest DNA in solution, not within cells).C) Special tube containing a membrane filter (with pores that allow DNA and viruses to pass through, but not bacterial cells) that separates two compartments. Donor strain is added on one side, the recipient strain on the other (they are separated by the filter).D) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, with chemical that inactivates viruses (chemical affects bacteriophages in solution so they are unable to attach to cells).
The results:
Tubes A, B, and D: HGT was observed.
Tube C: HGT was NOT observed.
Based on this, which type of HGT was occurring?
Conjugation,…
Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
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