Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 13.3, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To describe: The way in which relatively small changes in an axon’s DNA sequence can render a protein like CFTR nonfunctional.
Introduction: A mutation occurs when a DNA is damaged or altered in such a way that the genetic information carried by that gene is also changed. Mutation is caused by an agent called mutagens that can bring permanent alternations in the genome.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
The asterisk (*) in the diagram below indicates a single base mutation in the 5' splice site of the second intron of a eukaryotic gene. Due to this mutation, the second intron is now not ‘spliced out’ during the splicing process.
What are the most likely consequences of this mutation with respect to the size of the pre-mRNA and the size of the mature mRNA?
a.
The pre-mRNA will be longer and the mature mRNA will be longer.
b.
The pre-mRNA will be longer and the size of the mature mRNA will not be affected
c.
The size of the pre-mRNA will not be affected and the mature mRNA will be longer
d.
The size of the pre-mRNA will not be affected and the size of the mature mRNA will not be affected
Mutations that introduce stop codons cause a number of genetic diseases. For example, from 2% to 5% of the people who have cystic fibrosis possess a mutation that causes a premature stop codon in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This premature stop codon produces a truncated form of CFTR that is nonfunctional and results in the symptoms of cystic fibrosis. One possible way to treat people with genetic diseases caused by these types of mutations is to trick the ribosome into reading through the stop codon, inserting an amino acid in its place. Although the protein produced may have one altered amino acid, it is more likely to be at least partly functional than is the truncated protein produced when the ribosome stalls at the stop codon. Indeed, geneticists have conducted clinical trials of a drug called PTC124 on people with cystic fibrosis. This drug interferes with the ribosome’s ability to correctly read stop codons (C. Ainsworth.…
Two missense mutations in the gene that encodes an enzyme called superoxide dismutase cause a form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig disease). This disease causes loss of neurological function over a 5-year period. One mutation alters the amino acid asparagine (Asn) to lysine (Lys). The other changes an isoleucine (Ile) to a threonine (Thr). List the codons involved and describe how single-base mutations can alter the specified amino acids.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 13.1 - describe three types of RNA that play roles in...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.2 - describe an example of post-transcription...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 13.4 - describe three different types of mutations?Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 13.5 - Envision yourself as a physician. A mother,...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CTCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCCh. 13 - Which of the following is not true of RNA? a. It...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3MCCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCCh. 13 - Synthesis of RNA from the instructions in DNA is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 13 - If a nucleotide is replaced by a different...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1RQCh. 13 - Name the three types of RNA that are essential to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3RQCh. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - Prob. 7RQCh. 13 - Define mutation. Describe four different effects...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ACCh. 13 - Prob. 2AC
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- "The gene for Receptor Z contains an unknown number of untranslated first exons that are spliced to a common exon 2" - what does it mean if a "first exon" is "spliced to a common exon 2"? Does it mean that Exon 1 is attached to Exon 2, but Exon 1 is not part of the translated protein - similar to the below schematic? mRNA Option 1: [Exon 1a][Exon 2][Exon 3].... mRNA Option 2:[Exon1b][Exon2][Exon 3] mRNA Option 3: [Exon1c][Exon2][Exon 3]arrow_forwardThe following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATGATAGCCAGACTCGCAarrow_forwardMutations that introduce stop codons cause a number of genetic diseases. For example, from 2% to 5% of the people who have cystic fibrosis possess a mutation that causes a premature stop codon in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This premature stop codon produces a truncated form of CFTRthat is nonfunctional and results in the symptoms of cystic fibrosis . One possible way to treat people with genetic diseases caused by these types of mutations is to trick the ribosome into reading through the stop codon, inserting an amino acid in its place. Although the protein produced may have one altered amino acid, it is more likely to be at least partly functional than is the truncated protein produced when the ribosome stalls at the stop codon. Indeed, geneticists have conducted clinical trials of a drug called PTC124 on people with cystic fibrosis. This drug interferes with the ribosome’s ability to correctly read stop codons . On the basis of…arrow_forward
- Which of the followings indicate the order of procaryotic mRNA degreadation? cleavage of the triphosphate 5′ terminus to yield a monophosphate- 3′ to 5′exonuclease digestion- The endonucleolytic cleavages occur in a 5′ to 3′ direction on the mRNA following the passage of the last ribosme cleavage of the triphosphate 5′ terminus to yield a monophosphate- The endonucleolytic cleavages occur in a 5′ to 3′ direction on the mRNA following the passage of the last ribosme- 3′ to 5′exonuclease digestion The endonucleolytic cleavages occur in a 5′ to 3′ direction on the mRNA following the passage of the last ribosme- cleavage of the triphosphate 5′ terminus to yield a monophosphate- 3′ to 5′exonuclease digestionarrow_forwardA mutation is found in a tRNA-encoding gene. The wild type (non-mutant) allele (version) produces a tRNA that recognizes the codon GAA, and is charged with the amino acid glutamic acid (Glu). The mutant tRNA is still charged with Glu, but it recognizes the codon UAA. What effect will this have on translation in these cells? How will the proteins produced be different? Speculate: is this mutation more likely to be beneficial or harmful?arrow_forwardGene X codes for a protein in eukaryotes. A mutated eukaryotic cell contains an altered base-pair in an intron of gene X. Which would be the most likely effect of this mutation on the biomolecules in the cell? The amount of pre-mRNA transcribed from gene X would be less than normal. The amount of functional protein corresponding to gene X would be less than normal. The ability of snRNAs to form a spliceosome would be diminished. The breakdown of mature mRNA corresponding to gene X would be fasterarrow_forward
- In eukaryotic organisms, pre-mRNA transcripts are formed and need to be modified in order to create the mature mRNA destined for translation. Which of the following indicate modifications that occur as part of this process? a. The pre-mRNA is spliced to produce multiple mature mRNAs b. A 3' poly-A tail is attached to the mature mRNA c. A 5' cap is attached to the mature mRNA d. All of the above are ways in which the pre-mRNA is modified to create the mature mRNA e. None of the above are ways in which the pre-mRNA is modified to create the mature mRNAarrow_forwardA diagram of a gene is shown below. Normally, exons 1, 2, and 3 are present in the mature mRNA. (shown in attatched image) A mutation occurred at the 5’ splice site of exon 1 as shown by the star such that the spliceosome cannot bind to this location during mRNA processing of the pre-mRNA into the mature mRNA. Which of the following is/are a possible result of this mutation? (select all that apply) a)The pre-mRNA transcribed from this gene sequence will be longer than normal. b)The protein translated from this mRNA will be a different length than the normal protein. c)The mature mRNA will be longer. d)The mature mRNA will be shorter.arrow_forwardWhich of the following mutations in the protein-coding region of a gene is more likely to lead to complete loss of function of the encoded protein: an insertion of six nucleotides or a deletion of two nucleotides? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forward
- A eukaryotic protein-encoding gene contains two introns and three exons: exon 1–intron 1–exon 2–intron 2–exon 3. The 5′ splice site at the boundary between exon 2 and intron 2 has been eliminated by a small deletion in the gene. Describe how the pre-mRNA encoded by this mutant gene will be spliced. Indicate which introns and exons will be found in the mRNA after splicing occurs.arrow_forwardThe base sequence of the gene coding for a short polypeptide is TAC CTA CGC TAG GCG ATT GAC T. What would be the base sequence of the mRNA transcribed from this gene? The base sequence of the gene coding for a short polypeptide is TAC CTA CGC TAG GCG ATT GAC T. From your answer to the last question, answer this Using the genetic code, give the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide translated from this mRNA. Use the three-letter abbrebviation of the amino acid and start with the start codon and stop in the stop codon.arrow_forwardWhat are two advantages for circularizing the mRNA during the process of eukaryotic translation? (Select two correct answers) mRNA circularization ensures that translation terminates at the proper termination codons. mRNA circularization facilitates the binding of the ribosome to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. mRNA circularization ensures that a full-length mRNA is used in the process of translation. mRNA circularization eliminates the requirement for translation factors in the process of translation initiation. mRNA circularization allows for a more efficient re-initiation of the translation process during repeated cycles of translation.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY