Essentials of Genetics, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Genetics with eText -- Access Card Package (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134319070
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 18PDQ
Human equivalents of bacterial DNA mismatch repair proteins are subject to mutational damage just as are other proteins. What evidence indicates that mutations in human DNA mismatch repair genes are related to certain forms of cancer?
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Genetics with eText -- Access Card Package (9th Edition)
Ch. 14 - CASE STUDY| Genetic dwarfism Seven months...Ch. 14 -
CASE STUDY | Genetic dwarfism
Seven months...Ch. 14 -
CASE STUDY| Genetic dwarfism
Seven months...Ch. 14 - CASE STUDY | Genetic dwarfism Seven months...Ch. 14 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 14 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 257....Ch. 14 - What is a spontaneous mutation, and why are...Ch. 14 -
4. Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a...Ch. 14 - Why is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 14 - Most mutations in a diploid organism are...
Ch. 14 - What is meant by a conditional mutation?Ch. 14 -
8. Describe a tautomeric shift and how it may...Ch. 14 - Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of...Ch. 14 - Why are frameshift mutations likely to be more...Ch. 14 - Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV...Ch. 14 -
12. DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural...Ch. 14 - Contrast the various types of DNA repair...Ch. 14 -
14. Mammography is an accurate screening...Ch. 14 - Describe how the Ames test screens for potential...Ch. 14 - What genetic defects result in the disorder...Ch. 14 - In a bacterial culture in which all cells are...Ch. 14 - Human equivalents of bacterial DNA mismatch repair...Ch. 14 - A number of different types of mutations in the...Ch. 14 -
20. Some mutations that lead to diseases such as...Ch. 14 - In maize, a Ds or Ac transposon can cause...Ch. 14 -
22. Presented here are hypothetical findings from...Ch. 14 -
23. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe autosomal...Ch. 14 -
24. Electrophilic oxidants are known to create...Ch. 14 - Skin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal...Ch. 14 -
26. The initial discovery of IS elements in...Ch. 14 -
27. It is estimated that about 0.2 percent of...Ch. 14 -
28. It has been noted that most transposons in...Ch. 14 - Two related forms of muscular dystrophy–Duchenne...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Describe the role of mismatch repair (MMR) in DNA repair. Why can mutations in MMR increase the risk of human cancer?arrow_forwardMany of the gene products involved in DNA synthesis were initially defined by studying mutant E. coli strains that could not synthesize DNA. (a) The dnaE gene encodes the a subunit of DNA polymerase III. What effect is expected from a mutation in this gene? How could the mutant strain be maintained? (b) The dnaQ gene encodes the e subunit of DNA polymerase. What effect is expected from a mutation in this gene?arrow_forwardThe figure below summarizes the results of an experiment evaluating the role of Ku80 gene DNA repair. The Ku80 Knock Out mice were generated by genetically deleting the Ku80 gene and the effects of ionizing radiation on lifespan were evaluated. Briefly explain why Ku80 deletion has the observed effects. What form of DNA damage is causing the reduced lifespan and which repair mechanism appears to be responsible for repair of these lesion in normal mice?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about inherited DNA repair syndromes are correct (select all that apply)? A. There are no known genetic defects in Homologous Recombination Repair pathways in humnas B. Mutant BRCA 1 or 2 alleles are the most common genetic defect found in colon cancers C. Individuals with genetic defects in Nucleotide Excision Repair are more sensitive to UV light-induced cancers D. The increased skin cancer risk syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum is due to defects in Nucleotide Excision Repair enzymes E. Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer is associated with defects in Mismatch Repair enzymesarrow_forwarda. Why is it impossible to induce nonsense mutations(represented at the mRNA level by the triplets UAG,UAA, and UGA) by treating wild-type strains with mutagens that cause only A• G → T• C transitions in DNA?b. Hydroxylamine (HA) causes only G• C → A• T transitions in DNA. Will HA produce nonsense mutations inwild-type strains?c. Will HA treatment revert nonsense mutations?arrow_forwardThree common ways to repair changes in DNA structure are nucleotideexcision repair, mismatch repair, and homologous recombination repair. Which of these three mechanisms would be used to fix the following types of DNA changes?A. A change in the structure of a base caused by a mutagen in anondividing eukaryotic cellB. A change in DNA sequence caused by a mistake made by DNApolymeraseC. A thymine dimer in the DNA of an actively dividing bacterial cellarrow_forward
- Because the degree of DNA methylation appears to be a relatively reliable genetic marker for some forms of cancer, researchers have explored the possibility of altering DNA methylation as a form of cancer therapy. Initial studies indicate that while hypomethylation suppresses the formation of some tumors, other tumors thrive. Why would one expect different cancers to respond differently to either hypomethylation or hypermethylation therapies?arrow_forwardAssume that there is a double stranded break on DNA double helix of an eukaryotic cell due to X-ray radiation and it is not repaired. In addition, the cell’s Apaf-1 protein is not expressed due to a null mutation in the Apaf-1 gene. Please discuss the effect of not having Apaf-1 expression in the cell with non-repaired double stranded break.arrow_forwardIn the replica plate experiment, it shows that mutations are random. However, certain environmental stresses (such as high temperature, high salt, and low pH) can increase the mutation rate. QUESTIONS: Does this indicate that mutations are nonrandom, since they increase in response to cell stressors?arrow_forward
- What is the definition of Driver Mutations & Passenger Mutations? Also describe why each are informative in characterizing tumors.arrow_forward"The mechanism does not recruit a homologous region of DNA during repair". Explain this ?arrow_forwardIn the treatment of cancer, the basis for many types of chemotherapyand radiation therapy is that mutagens are more effective at killingdividing cells than nondividing cells. Explain why. What are possibleharmful side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy?arrow_forward
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What are Mutations and what are the different types of Mutations?; Author: Science ABC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I16YlE8qTBU;License: Standard youtube license