Essentials of Genetics, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Genetics with eText -- Access Card Package (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134319070
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 1PDQ
HOW DO WE KNOW?
In this chapter, we focused on how gene mutations arise and how cells repair DNA damage. In particular, we discussed spontaneous and induced mutations, DNA repair methods, and transposable elements. Based on your knowledge of these topics, answer several fundamental questions:
(a) How do we know that mutations occur spontaneously?
(b) How do we know that certain chemicals and wavelengths of radiation induce mutations in DNA?
(c) How do we know that DNA repair mechanisms detect and correct the majority of spontaneous and induced mutations?
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Genetics with eText -- Access Card Package (9th Edition)
Ch. 14 - CASE STUDY| Genetic dwarfism Seven months...Ch. 14 -
CASE STUDY | Genetic dwarfism
Seven months...Ch. 14 -
CASE STUDY| Genetic dwarfism
Seven months...Ch. 14 - CASE STUDY | Genetic dwarfism Seven months...Ch. 14 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 14 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 257....Ch. 14 - What is a spontaneous mutation, and why are...Ch. 14 -
4. Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a...Ch. 14 - Why is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 14 - Most mutations in a diploid organism are...
Ch. 14 - What is meant by a conditional mutation?Ch. 14 -
8. Describe a tautomeric shift and how it may...Ch. 14 - Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of...Ch. 14 - Why are frameshift mutations likely to be more...Ch. 14 - Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV...Ch. 14 -
12. DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural...Ch. 14 - Contrast the various types of DNA repair...Ch. 14 -
14. Mammography is an accurate screening...Ch. 14 - Describe how the Ames test screens for potential...Ch. 14 - What genetic defects result in the disorder...Ch. 14 - In a bacterial culture in which all cells are...Ch. 14 - Human equivalents of bacterial DNA mismatch repair...Ch. 14 - A number of different types of mutations in the...Ch. 14 -
20. Some mutations that lead to diseases such as...Ch. 14 - In maize, a Ds or Ac transposon can cause...Ch. 14 -
22. Presented here are hypothetical findings from...Ch. 14 -
23. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe autosomal...Ch. 14 -
24. Electrophilic oxidants are known to create...Ch. 14 - Skin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal...Ch. 14 -
26. The initial discovery of IS elements in...Ch. 14 -
27. It is estimated that about 0.2 percent of...Ch. 14 -
28. It has been noted that most transposons in...Ch. 14 - Two related forms of muscular dystrophy–Duchenne...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?arrow_forwardWhat is the consequence of mutation of a mismatch repair enzyme? How will this affect the function of a gene?arrow_forwardWhat enzymatic features of DNA polymerase prevent it from replicating one of the DNA strands at the ends of linear chromosomes? Compared with DNA polymerase, how is telomerase different in its ability to synthesize a DNA strand? What does telomerase use as its template for the synthesis of a DNA strand? How does the use of this template result in a telomere sequence that is tandemly repetitive?arrow_forward
- Explain why base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair—which all require nucleases to excise damaged DNA—require DNA ligase.arrow_forwardHow does the process of DNA replication generate mismatch mutations? What mechanisms are available to fix these errors during the process of replication?arrow_forwardWhat are the three main steps for repairing the DNA damages such as the deamination of cytosine nucleotide and the thymine dimer?arrow_forward
- "The mechanism does not recruit a homologous region of DNA during repair". Explain this ?arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of DNA methylation? Why is it ineffective in the DNA repair of spontaneous deamination of C? Explain in 4 to 6 sentences.arrow_forwardCytosine can be deaminated to form Uracil  What type of mutation is this classified as? Discuss what happens to the base-pairing properties from switching from C to U? When U is replicated in two rounds of synthesis, what substitution does this result in? Before Uracil alters the DNA during replication, what repair system can be used to correct this error? Describe how this type of DNA repair works?arrow_forward
- Why is the replication of DNA referred to as a semiconservative process? What is the experimental evidence for the semiconservative nature of the process? What experimental results would you expect if replication of DNA were a conservative process?arrow_forwardAfter Alfred Hersey and Martha Chase definitively identified DNA as the “Transformative material”, which three scientists were responsible for characterizing the structure of DNA? How did they do it?arrow_forwardWhat causes the change in the ability of DNA to absorb UV light when it is denatured?  options:  In denatured DNA, DNA double helix is disrupted, which causes the exposure of the deoxyribose and thus increases their absorbance of UV light  In denatured DNA, DNA double helix is disrupted, which causes the exposure of the phosphate groups and thus increases their absorbance of UV light.  In denatured DNA, DNA double helix is disrupted, which causes the exposure of the bases and thus increases their absorbance of UV light.  all of the above are correctarrow_forward
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