Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 13PDQ
DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural and artificial agents elicits a wide variety of cellular responses involving numerous signaling pathways. In addition to the activation of DNA repair mechanisms, there can be activation of pathways leading to apoptosis (programmed cell death) and cell-cycle arrest. Why would apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest often be part of a cellular response to DNA damage?
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 15 - If a point mutation occurs within a human egg cell...Ch. 15 - One of the most famous cases of an X-linked...Ch. 15 - The cancer drug melphalan is an alkylating agent...Ch. 15 - Geneticists often use the alkylating agent...Ch. 15 - Six months pregnant, an expectant mother had a...Ch. 15 - Six months pregnant, an expectant mother had a...Ch. 15 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 15 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 15 - What is a spontaneous mutation, and why are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4PDQ
Ch. 15 - Prob. 5PDQCh. 15 - Why is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 15 - Most mutations in a diploid organism are...Ch. 15 - What is the difference between a silent mutation...Ch. 15 - Describe a tautomeric shift and how it may lead to...Ch. 15 - Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of...Ch. 15 - Why are frameshift mutations likely to be more...Ch. 15 - Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV...Ch. 15 - DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural and...Ch. 15 - Contrast the various types of DNA repair...Ch. 15 - Mammography is an accurate screening technique for...Ch. 15 - A significant number of mutations in the HBB gene...Ch. 15 - Describe how the Ames test screens for potential...Ch. 15 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 15 - Compare DNA transposons and retrotransposons. What...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 15 - In maize, a Ds or Ac transposon can alter the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 15 - In a bacterial culture in which all cells are...Ch. 15 - Presented here are hypothetical findings from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 15 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 15 - What evidence indicates that mutations in human...Ch. 15 - Among Betazoids in the world of Star Trek, the...Ch. 15 - Skin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal...Ch. 15 - It has been noted that most transposons in humans...Ch. 15 - Mutations in the IL2RG gene cause approximately 30...
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- A subset of colorectal cancers is associated with mutations in the Mut genes which code for proteins involved in repairing DNA mismatches. How would mutations in the Mut genes affect the DNA of an individual?arrow_forwardHereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) is caused by mutations in proteins from one of the DNA repair pathways. Which pathway is it and what are the protein activities occuring in the pathway?arrow_forwardThe rb gene encodes a protein that inhibits E2F, a transcriptionfactor that activates several genes involved in cell division.Mutations in rb are associated with certain forms of cancer,such as retinoblastoma. Under each of the following conditions,would you expect the cancer to occur?A. One copy of rb is defective; both copies of E2F are functional.B. Both copies of rb are defective; both copies of E2F arefunctional.C. Both copies of rb are defective; one copy of E2F is defective.D. Both copies of rb and E2F are defective.arrow_forward
- Cytosine can be deaminated to form Uracil What type of mutation is this classified as? Discuss what happens to the base-pairing properties from switching from C to U? When U is replicated in two rounds of synthesis, what substitution does this result in? Before Uracil alters the DNA during replication, what repair system can be used to correct this error? Describe how this type of DNA repair works?arrow_forwardWhy is p53 considered a tumor suppressor protein? Question 12 options: a) Because p53 normally detects breaks in DNA. b) Because p53 normally causes progression from G1 to S phase to halt until damaged DNA is fully repaired. c) Because p53 normally repairs breaks in DNA. d) Because p53 normally stimulates transcription of Repair Polymerase. e) Because p53 normally reduces the mutation rate of DNA polymerase.arrow_forwardContrast the various types of DNA repair mechanisms known to counteract the effects of UV radiation. What is the role of visible light in repairing UV-induced mutations?arrow_forward
- During cellular checkpoints DNA Repair Proteins can edit and patch our DNA through many different repair mechanisms. What two kinds of repair are there for Double Stranded DNA breaks?arrow_forwardDNA repair enzymes preferentially repair mis- matched bases on the newly synthesized DNA strand, using the old DNA strand as a template. If mismatches were instead repaired without regard for which strand served as template, would mismatch repair reduce repli- cation errors? Would such a mismatch repair system result in fewer mutations, more mutations, or the same number of mutations as there would have been without any repair at all? Explain your answers.arrow_forwardBecause the degree of DNA methylation appears to be a relatively reliable genetic marker for some forms of cancer, researchers have explored the possibility of altering DNA methylation as a form of cancer therapy. Initial studies indicate that while hypomethylation suppresses the formation of some tumors, other tumors thrive. Why would one expect different cancers to respond differently to either hypomethylation or hypermethylation therapies?arrow_forward
- Why is transcriptionally active chromatin ∼10 times more susceptible to cleavage by DNase I than transcriptionally silent chromatin?arrow_forwardYou are studying tumor cells excised from a patient with suspected Colorectal cancer and you will like to evaluate the status of the DNA repair mechanisms in the tissues. Which of these will be helpful in estimating the functional status of the DNA repair mechanisms in this tissue? Group of answer choices Monoubiquitinated FANCD2 protein PhosphorylatedDNA-PK DNA-damage induced foci All of thesearrow_forward"The mechanism does not recruit a homologous region of DNA during repair". Explain this ?arrow_forward
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