a. To determine: Whether the target genes with enhancers containing binding sites for Myc-Max encode proteins and Mad-Max encode proteins would arrest the cell cycle or drive the cell cycle forward along with an explanation. Introduction: Myc is a transcription factor which controls the process of cell proliferation. The mutation in the Myc gene contributes to many cases of cancer. The Myc protein contains a leucine zipper dimerization domain and a specialized DNA binding domain.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the target genes with enhancers containing binding sites for Myc-Max encode proteins and Mad-Max encode proteins would arrest the cell cycle or drive the cell cycle forward along with an explanation.

Introduction:

Myc is a transcription factor which controls the process of cell proliferation. The mutation in the Myc gene contributes to many cases of cancer. The Myc protein contains a leucine zipper dimerization domain and a specialized DNA binding domain.

Summary Introduction

b.

To draw:

A diagram that shows the control region for a target gene, proteins binding to the enhancer and the process of transcription.

Introduction:

The Max and Mad proteins help in resolving the problem of cancer. Like Myc, the Max and Mad contain a specialized DNA binding domain and a leucine zipper. They do not homodimerize readily and do not bind DNA with high affinity.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which myc, max and mad proteins regulate cell proliferation.

Introduction:

The Myc-Max and Mad-Max form heterodimers readily and bind with the DNA domain. They bind at the same sites on the enhancers of the same target genes. Myc contains an activation domain, and Mad contains a repressor domain.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the cancer-causing mutations in Myc is loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutation.

Introduction:

The Max gene is expressed in all the cell at all times. The Mad gene is expressed in resting cells, whereas the Myc gene starts to express when cells are about to divide. Mad and Myc proteins are unstable with respect to the Max protein.

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Point mutations in multiple tumor suppressor proteins have been linked to cancer. For example changes in the gene for adenomatous-polyposis-coli protein (APC gene) may result in colorectal cancer. Consider the following DNA sense strand. 3'-TAC CGG TTG TGA AGC TGA ATC-5' (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Derive the mRNA molecule from the given DNA strand sequence above, paying attention to the polarity of the molecule. Write down the polypeptide chain sequence arising from the mRNA molecule of the question above, using the table of the genetic code (Table Q1 overleaf) and indicate the C- and the N-terminus of the peptide chain. Point mutations of a cytosine (C) often lead to the dysfunction of the APC protein. Write down all possible polypeptide chains that can result from all possible DNA mutations of cytosines, disregarding a mutation in the MET/START and STOP codons. I Specify which of the point mutations identified in (d) are redundant?

Mcm2 is a protein of the helicase complex that recognizes origin in Eukaryotes. But it is also related to cancer progression in humans. Please describe the role of Mcm2 in cancers and the potential uses of its inhibition in cancer treatment.

Below are shown two views of the backbone representation of the Myc-Max complex binding to DNA (PDB ID: 1NPK). Myc and Max are members of the basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) class of DNA- binding proteins (see Chapter 29). Myc (red) and Max (blue) associ- ate via a coiled-coil interaction and bind DNA as a dimer. Side view of Myc-Max bound to DNA Top view of Myc-Max bound to DNA (looking down the DNA helical axis) (a) Are the helices bound to the DNA likely to be amphiphilic? Explain. (b) Where do you predict the N- and C-termini are located for Max?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the target genes with enhancers containing binding sites for Myc-Max encode proteins and Mad-Max encode proteins would arrest the cell cycle or drive the cell cycle forward along with an explanation.

Introduction:

Myc is a transcription factor which controls the process of cell proliferation. The mutation in the Myc gene contributes to many cases of cancer. The Myc protein contains a leucine zipper dimerization domain and a specialized DNA binding domain.

Summary Introduction

b.

To draw:

A diagram that shows the control region for a target gene, proteins binding to the enhancer and the process of transcription.

Introduction:

The Max and Mad proteins help in resolving the problem of cancer. Like Myc, the Max and Mad contain a specialized DNA binding domain and a leucine zipper. They do not homodimerize readily and do not bind DNA with high affinity.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which myc, max and mad proteins regulate cell proliferation.

Introduction:

The Myc-Max and Mad-Max form heterodimers readily and bind with the DNA domain. They bind at the same sites on the enhancers of the same target genes. Myc contains an activation domain, and Mad contains a repressor domain.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the cancer-causing mutations in Myc is loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutation.

Introduction:

The Max gene is expressed in all the cell at all times. The Mad gene is expressed in resting cells, whereas the Myc gene starts to express when cells are about to divide. Mad and Myc proteins are unstable with respect to the Max protein.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the target genes with enhancers containing binding sites for Myc-Max encode proteins and Mad-Max encode proteins would arrest the cell cycle or drive the cell cycle forward along with an explanation.

Introduction:

Myc is a transcription factor which controls the process of cell proliferation. The mutation in the Myc gene contributes to many cases of cancer. The Myc protein contains a leucine zipper dimerization domain and a specialized DNA binding domain.

Summary Introduction

b.

To draw:

A diagram that shows the control region for a target gene, proteins binding to the enhancer and the process of transcription.

Introduction:

The Max and Mad proteins help in resolving the problem of cancer. Like Myc, the Max and Mad contain a specialized DNA binding domain and a leucine zipper. They do not homodimerize readily and do not bind DNA with high affinity.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which myc, max and mad proteins regulate cell proliferation.

Introduction:

The Myc-Max and Mad-Max form heterodimers readily and bind with the DNA domain. They bind at the same sites on the enhancers of the same target genes. Myc contains an activation domain, and Mad contains a repressor domain.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the cancer-causing mutations in Myc is loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutation.

Introduction:

The Max gene is expressed in all the cell at all times. The Mad gene is expressed in resting cells, whereas the Myc gene starts to express when cells are about to divide. Mad and Myc proteins are unstable with respect to the Max protein.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the target genes with enhancers containing binding sites for Myc-Max encode proteins and Mad-Max encode proteins would arrest the cell cycle or drive the cell cycle forward along with an explanation.

Introduction:

Myc is a transcription factor which controls the process of cell proliferation. The mutation in the Myc gene contributes to many cases of cancer. The Myc protein contains a leucine zipper dimerization domain and a specialized DNA binding domain.

Summary Introduction

b.

To draw:

A diagram that shows the control region for a target gene, proteins binding to the enhancer and the process of transcription.

Introduction:

The Max and Mad proteins help in resolving the problem of cancer. Like Myc, the Max and Mad contain a specialized DNA binding domain and a leucine zipper. They do not homodimerize readily and do not bind DNA with high affinity.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which myc, max and mad proteins regulate cell proliferation.

Introduction:

The Myc-Max and Mad-Max form heterodimers readily and bind with the DNA domain. They bind at the same sites on the enhancers of the same target genes. Myc contains an activation domain, and Mad contains a repressor domain.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the cancer-causing mutations in Myc is loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutation.

Introduction:

The Max gene is expressed in all the cell at all times. The Mad gene is expressed in resting cells, whereas the Myc gene starts to express when cells are about to divide. Mad and Myc proteins are unstable with respect to the Max protein.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the target genes with enhancers containing binding sites for Myc-Max encode proteins and Mad-Max encode proteins would arrest the cell cycle or drive the cell cycle forward along with an explanation.

Introduction:

Myc is a transcription factor which controls the process of cell proliferation. The mutation in the Myc gene contributes to many cases of cancer. The Myc protein contains a leucine zipper dimerization domain and a specialized DNA binding domain.

Summary Introduction

b.

To draw:

A diagram that shows the control region for a target gene, proteins binding to the enhancer and the process of transcription.

Introduction:

The Max and Mad proteins help in resolving the problem of cancer. Like Myc, the Max and Mad contain a specialized DNA binding domain and a leucine zipper. They do not homodimerize readily and do not bind DNA with high affinity.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which myc, max and mad proteins regulate cell proliferation.

Introduction:

The Myc-Max and Mad-Max form heterodimers readily and bind with the DNA domain. They bind at the same sites on the enhancers of the same target genes. Myc contains an activation domain, and Mad contains a repressor domain.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the cancer-causing mutations in Myc is loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutation.

Introduction:

The Max gene is expressed in all the cell at all times. The Mad gene is expressed in resting cells, whereas the Myc gene starts to express when cells are about to divide. Mad and Myc proteins are unstable with respect to the Max protein.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the target genes with enhancers containing binding sites for Myc-Max encode proteins and Mad-Max encode proteins would arrest the cell cycle or drive the cell cycle forward along with an explanation.

Introduction:

Myc is a transcription factor which controls the process of cell proliferation. The mutation in the Myc gene contributes to many cases of cancer. The Myc protein contains a leucine zipper dimerization domain and a specialized DNA binding domain.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the target genes with enhancers containing binding sites for Myc-Max encode proteins and Mad-Max encode proteins would arrest the cell cycle or drive the cell cycle forward along with an explanation.

Introduction:

Myc is a transcription factor which controls the process of cell proliferation. The mutation in the Myc gene contributes to many cases of cancer. The Myc protein contains a leucine zipper dimerization domain and a specialized DNA binding domain.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

b.

To draw:

A diagram that shows the control region for a target gene, proteins binding to the enhancer and the process of transcription.

Introduction:

The Max and Mad proteins help in resolving the problem of cancer. Like Myc, the Max and Mad contain a specialized DNA binding domain and a leucine zipper. They do not homodimerize readily and do not bind DNA with high affinity.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

b.

To draw:

A diagram that shows the control region for a target gene, proteins binding to the enhancer and the process of transcription.

Introduction:

The Max and Mad proteins help in resolving the problem of cancer. Like Myc, the Max and Mad contain a specialized DNA binding domain and a leucine zipper. They do not homodimerize readily and do not bind DNA with high affinity.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which myc, max and mad proteins regulate cell proliferation.

Introduction:

The Myc-Max and Mad-Max form heterodimers readily and bind with the DNA domain. They bind at the same sites on the enhancers of the same target genes. Myc contains an activation domain, and Mad contains a repressor domain.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which myc, max and mad proteins regulate cell proliferation.

Introduction:

The Myc-Max and Mad-Max form heterodimers readily and bind with the DNA domain. They bind at the same sites on the enhancers of the same target genes. Myc contains an activation domain, and Mad contains a repressor domain.

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the cancer-causing mutations in Myc is loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutation.

Introduction:

The Max gene is expressed in all the cell at all times. The Mad gene is expressed in resting cells, whereas the Myc gene starts to express when cells are about to divide. Mad and Myc proteins are unstable with respect to the Max protein.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the cancer-causing mutations in Myc is loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutation.

Introduction:

The Max gene is expressed in all the cell at all times. The Mad gene is expressed in resting cells, whereas the Myc gene starts to express when cells are about to divide. Mad and Myc proteins are unstable with respect to the Max protein.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 17 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 17 - For each of the following types of gene...Ch. 17 - List five events other than transcription...Ch. 17 - Which eukaryotic RNA polymerase RNA pol I, pol II,...Ch. 17 - As shown in the following diagram, a single...Ch. 17 - You have synthesized an enhancerless GFP reporter...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7P Ch. 17 - Prob. 8P Ch. 17 - A single UAS regulates the expression of three...Ch. 17 - MyoD is a transcriptional activator that turns on...

Solution Summary: The author explains that Myc is a transcription factor that controls the process of cell division, while Mad is an oncoprotein that implicates cell proliferation.

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