Concept explainers
(a)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally, lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best to start with the outer atoms.
(b)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by an individual element present in the molecule.
(c)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by an individual element present in the molecule.
(d)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by an individual element present in the molecule.
(e)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by an individual element present in the molecule.
(f)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by an individual element present in the molecule.
(g)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by an individual element present in the molecule.
(h)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by an individual element present in the molecule.
(i)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by an individual element present in the molecule.
(j)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by an individual element present in the molecule.
(k)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by the individual element present in the molecule.
(l)
To determine: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Interpretation: The Lewis structure and formal charge on
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
Formal charge is the net charge which is experienced by an individual element present in the molecule.
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Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
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