Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 11PIAT
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Enhancers are a short sequence of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that is capable of binding to the proteins and regulate the transcription of a specific gene.
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What is effect of turning on and off of genes?
How do we measure gene expression?
What is gene regulation, explain extensively?
Which of the following statements is most consistent with the pattern of gene expression shown in the given graph?
(A) Repressors that bind to a regulatory sequence of Gene X are present in brain tissue but not in heart tissue. (B) Gene X is located within heterochromatin in brain tissue and within euchromatin in heart tissue.
(C) Small RNAs that help degrade Gene X mRNA are present in brain tissue but not in heart tissue
(D)Activators that bind to an enhancer of Gene X are present in brain tissue but not in heart tissue.
What is the advantage and disadvantage of gene repression in development and What does it mean when we say "enhancers work in a combinatorial fashion?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 19 - What is chromatin? a. the histone-containing...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 19 - Compare and contrast the items in each pair: (a)...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 19 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 19 - 10. QUANTITATIVE Imagine repeating the experiment...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In order to manufacture insulin for patients with diabetes, scientists create recombinant DNA by inserting a human insulin gene into bacterial DNA and have the bacteria produce human insulin. Based on what you have learned in this unit about gene expression, what must the scientists do to the DNA sequence of the human insulin gene BEFORE inserting it into the bacteria, in order to have them produce the same insulin sequence that humans would produce? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following mutations could be appropriately describedas a position effect?A. A point mutation at the –10 position in the promoter regionprevents transcription. B. A translocation places the coding sequence for a muscle-specificgene next to an enhancer that is turned on in nerve cells.C. An inversion flips a gene from the long arm of chromosome 17(which is euchromatic) to the short arm (which isheterochromatic).arrow_forwardAn enhancer, located upstream from a gene, has the following sequence: 5’-ACGA-3’ 3’-TGCT-5’ This enhancer is orientation-independent. Which of the following sequences also works as an enhancer? Why? a. 5’-TGCT-3’ 3’-ACGA-5’ b. 5’-TCGT-3’ 3’-AGCA-5’arrow_forward
- Your friend has discovered that the same human promoter is responsible for producing two different proteins. In Kidney cells it is responsible for the production of protein A while in Brain cells it is responsible for the production of Protein B. Your friend has concluded that this promoter must be controlling two different genes. Do you agree or disagree with your friend's conclusion? Explain why or why not. Be sure to describe the molecular events to support your answer.arrow_forwardA translocation mutation results in a silencer being inserted just upstream of the promoter of a gene (Gene X). How would you predict the expression of gene X be affected by this mutation? Gene X will not be expressed in any cell that has this mutation Gene X will not be expressed in any cell that has this mutation and the appropriate repressor protein Gene X will be expressed in any cell that has this mutation Gene X will be expressed in any cell that has this mutation and the appropriate repressor proteinarrow_forwardWhat role does an operator sequence serve in bacterial gene expression regulation? Describe one change in bacterial cells that can cause a repressor protein to go from inactive to active or from active to inactive.arrow_forward
- A disease is caused by having no functional protein produced from the kip gene. An individual has this disease but has no mutation in the kip gene. You look at other gene candidates that could result in no functional kip protein. A gene called D5 codes for a methyltransferase that methylates the kip promoter region. A gene called T3 codes for an acetylase that acetylates the histones in the region of the kip gene. Fill in the following blanks. In the situation described above, in which no kip protein is made, it is likely that the D5 gene has a mutation that ___________ the D5 protein or that the T3 gene has a mutation that ___________the T3 protein. Blanks can either be deactivates or activatesarrow_forwardHow do we know that small noncoding RNA molecules canregulate gene expression?arrow_forwardEnhancers are sequences that affect the initiation of the transcription of genes that are hundreds or thousands of nucleotides away. Transcriptional activator proteins that bind to enhancers usually interact directly with transcription factors at promoters by causing the intervening DNA to loop out. An enhancer of bacteriophage T4 does not function by looping of the DNA (D. R. Herendeen et al. 1992. Science 256:1298–1303). Propose some mechanisms other than DNA looping by which this enhancer might affect transcription at a gene thousands of nucleotides awayarrow_forward
- How do dietary factors interact with DNA methyltransferase to affect an organism's phenotype in an epigenetic manner? Some dietary factors degrade DNA methyltransferase, preventing it from removing methyl groups from sections of DNA, thereby altering gene expression Some dietary factors interact with methyl groups directly preventing DNA methyltransferase from methylating any DNA, changing gene expression in the organism as a result Some dietary factors inhibit DNA methyltransferaseactivity, reducing the methylation of the organism's DNA and changing its gene expression Some dietary factors bind toDNA methyltransferaseand enable it to methylateDNA, thereby changing geneexpression Some dietary factors upregulate DNA methyltransferase activity, increasing the overall methylationof the organism's DNA and changing its gene expressionarrow_forwardIS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing? Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.arrow_forwardthere is the statement: "Both stem cells and specialized cells have all the same genes. They differ in the regulation of those genes and express very different sets of genes ". Which one of the following explanations best accounts for this difference in stem cell and specialized cell gene expression? A. Stem cells and specialized cells have different activators and repressors that affect transcription B. Stem cells and specialized cells have different promoter sequences for their genes, thus affecting transcription C. Stem cells and specialized cells have different ribosomes that affect translation D. Stem cells and specialized cells use different start codons on mRNAs, thus affecting translationarrow_forward
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