Concept explainers
To review:
The working of the given approach for testing the hypothesis in the given experiment.
Introduction:
A micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) is a small fragment of RNA, which is derived from the transcription of genes. This fragment of RNA can interfere in the expression of mRNA by binding with its complementary base sequence in an mRNA (messenger RNA). This bond can either lead to the destruction of the mRNA or block translation.
A scientist proposes testing the hypothesis that Kitl is significant to coat coloration. To do this, the scientist plans to observe the outcome when an engineered double-stranded microRNA precursor is expressed in mouse embryos. One strand of the precursor would be complementary to Kitl mRNA.
In the given experiment, the Kitl gene (mouse equivalent of KITLG gene) and its core promoter were bonded together by genetic engineering. The amount of Kitl mRNA was measured in the skin after its introduction in the embryo of a mouse. The results are shown in the graph provided below.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
- Suppose that an investigative team conducted an RNA-Seq experiment on mouse liver cells. They found many sequences that contained no long stretches of consecutive triplet codons that could be translated into a protein. Such sequences are called open reading frames (ORFS) and suggest the presence of a gene. Which statement explains why the experiment detected long stretches with no ORFS? O The reaction solution did not include the correct primer for the gene sequence. The results suggest that the cells may be cancerous. Site-directed mutagenesis during cloning altered the ORF sequences. The RNA-Seq experiment detected noncoding RNA molecules.arrow_forwardDesign a strategy to make a subtracted-complete cDNA library from liver cells. Use a flowchart method to propose how this objective can be accomplished. The sizes of mRNA range from 2 kb to 15 kb. Briefly indicate your reasons for the sequence of steps..arrow_forwardA particular mature miRNA (microRNA) in mice has sequence 5'-UUCCCUGAGACCUCAAGUGUGA-3'. a. If you wanted to predict which mouse mRNAs are regulated by this miRNA, what would you look for? Choose one or more. i. mRNA sequence the same as the miRNA sequence ii. mRNA sequence complementary to the miRNA sequence iii. mRNA sequence including a RISC binding site iv. mRNA sequence including 5'-CUCAGGGAA-3' v. mRNA sequence including 5'-UUCCCUGAG-3' b. Your sequence analysis predicts that 200 mRNAs may be targets of this miRNA. You engineer mouse cells that produce an excess of this miRNA. For the real targets, we predict that in these cells over-expressing the miRNA, compared to the unmodified cells. Choose one or more, and explain. i. The target gene is deleted in cells with an excess of the miRNA ii. The target is translated less in cells with an excess of the miRNA iii. The target is translated more in cells with an excess of the miRNA iv. There is more of the target mRNA in cells with an…arrow_forward
- You are a research scientist studying miRNA processing. You currently know everything about the pathway except for one detail: whether Dicer resides in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm. You have an experiment setup where you have a miRNA that completely complements the GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene in a model yeast cell. You plan to mutate Exportin 5 and make it dysfunctional, then you will inject synthetic pre-miRNA either in its double strand form or its hairpin single strand form into the cell. Should you inject the synthetic pre-miRNA into the nucleus or the cytoplasm? a) b) If you inject hairpin single stranded pre-miRNA into the appropriate location in the cell, what color do you expect the yeast to be if Dicer is in the nucleus? What color would the yeast be if Dicer is in the cytoplasm? Briefly explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardThe figure below depicts the mechanism of iron homeostasis in mammalian cells, in which ferritin is produced to sequester excess iron in high iron conditions, and transferrin receptor is produced to import iron in low iron concentrations. (a) Ferritin mRNA 5% IRE i 5% Inactive IRE-BP Active IRE-BP High iron Coding region - An 85 H₂N COOH Translated ferritin Low iron Coding region A No translation initiation (b) TfR mRNA High iron 5'- Coding region Inactive IRE-BP Active IRE-BP Low iron 5'- Coding region IRES An N a) A mutation in a mammalian cell line in tissue culture was found that constitutively expresses Ferritin. Suggest a possible mutation that could account for this. Degraded mono- nucleotides degradation -Mutation in ires binding protein where it does not bind to iron suggests that cell lysate has high transferrin and low ferritin. I b) Upon further examination of the cell line, it was found that there was normal expression of the Transferrin Receptor. Would the mutation you…arrow_forwardExperiment The consequence of a point mutation in a human tRNAMe gene was studied in this experiment. Plasmids carrying either the wild-type tRNA Me transcription unit or the mutant gene were microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes together with [a-3 PIGIP. The oocytes were incubated for 5 hours, and then RNA was extracted from whole oocytes, separated nuclei, or cytoplasm. RNA samples were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiographyarrow_forward
- Given that ncRNA can have separate protein interaction sequences and nucleotide interaction sequences, do you think a single ncRNA could guide different proteins to the same DNA sequence? Why or why not?arrow_forwardA man was brought to the hospital showing "pneumonia"-like symptoms. They took the viral load and determined this to be the new RNA retrovirus infecting lung cells. Since antibodies were unavailable, doctors decided to treat him with drugs. Which of the following would most benefit the patient? A. Drug A is an inhibitor of the binding of 4OS with 60S ribosome of the lung cells. B. Drug B is a structural analogue of the viral peptide that binds to the receptor of the host cell enabling viral entry into the cell. C. Drug C is a polar molecule that inhibits the lytic enzymes activated upon viral infection. D. Drug D is an inducer of a proteolytic enzyme. E. Drug E is a steroid that binds at the regulatory site of a gene causing the synthesis of a repressor that binds at the gene site for the receptor.arrow_forwardConsider the following sequence fragment of an mRNA. Which of the miRNAS below would be competent for gene silencing? 5'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-3' 5'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-3 5'-UACGUUCGUAACCGGUUCGAA-3' 5'-AAGCUUGGUUAAUGCUUGCAU-3' 5'-UUCGAACCAAUUACGAACGUA-3' 3'-UUCGAACCAAUUACGAACGUA-5 3'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-5'arrow_forward
- A graduate student is trying to create a more efficient in vitro transcription system. The students idea is to covalently attached the sigma factor to RNA Polymerase so that the complex will be more efficient at binding promoter. Is this a good idead? Why or why not (Limit 4-5 sentences)? NO IMAGE IS REQUIRED FOR THIS QUESTIONarrow_forwardi)Describe attenuation control and how it is used to regulate gene expression. ii)Give a specific example of how this works? iii)Could this be used in eukaryotes? why ?or why not?arrow_forwardImagine the four basic components of gene regulation are DNA, RNA, proteins, and small molecules. Which of these things can ncRNA interact with?arrow_forward
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