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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Among the terms acidic hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation and oxidation, the term that can be applied to the given reaction change has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol is carried out in the presence of an acid or a base. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of an acid forms glycerol and fatty acid as the desired products. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of a base forms glycerol and fatty acid salts as the desired products.
The process of addition of hydrogen atoms across the carbon-carbon double or triple bond is known as hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is the process of converting an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.
The process of converting a fat or oil into the fatty acid salts and glycerol in the presence of water and a base like
(b)
Interpretation: Among the terms acidic hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation and oxidation, the term that can be applied to the given reaction change has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol is carried out in the presence of an acid or a base. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of an acid forms glycerol and fatty acid as the desired products. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of a base forms glycerol and fatty acid salts as the desired products.
The process of addition of hydrogen atoms across the carbon-carbon double or triple bond is known as hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is the process of converting an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.
The process of converting a fat or oil into the fatty acid salts and glycerol in the presence of water and a base like
(c)
Interpretation: Among the terms acidic hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation and oxidation, the term that can be applied to the given reaction change has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol is carried out in the presence of an acid or a base. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of an acid forms glycerol and fatty acid as the desired products. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of a base forms glycerol and fatty acid salts as the desired products.
The process of addition of hydrogen atoms across the carbon-carbon double or triple bond is known as hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is the process of converting an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.
The process of converting a fat or oil into the fatty acid salts and glycerol in the presence of water and a base like
(d)
Interpretation: Among the terms acidic hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation and oxidation, the term that can be applied to the given reaction change has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol is carried out in the presence of an acid or a base. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of an acid forms glycerol and fatty acid as the desired products. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of a base forms glycerol and fatty acid salts as the desired products.
The process of addition of hydrogen atoms across the carbon-carbon double or triple bond is known as hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is the process of converting an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.
The process of converting a fat or oil into the fatty acid salts and glycerol in the presence of water and a base like
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Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Identify the statements that are TRUE regarding Anabolic reactions. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. These reactions may also be called recomposition reactions B. These reactions involve the formation of new bonds C. These reactions build larger products from smaller reactants D. These reactions typically release energy.arrow_forwardMatch the enzyme name to the description of the type of reaction that it catalyzes. Each choice can only be used once. 1. Transfers a hydride ion in a redox reaction and decarboxylates. 2. Forms a double bond through a dehydration reaction. 3. Combines an aldose and a ketose together in the first step and then cleaves the intermediate molecule into a new aldose and new ketose. Is NOT sensitive to a Vitamin B1 deficiency. 4. Acts as both an enzyme and a scaffold for the formation of a glucose homopolymer. 5. Transfers the gamma phosphoryl group from ATP to a carbohydrate. answer choices: a. glycogen synthase b. glycogenin c. enolase d. PFK-1 e. G6P f. transketolase g. transketolase h. glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase i. 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Please answer completely will give rating surelyarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct about how enzymes accelerate chemical reactions (select all that apply)? A. Enzymes bind substrates to raise their effective concentration B. Enzymes enhance the rate of a chemical reaction C. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by destabilizing transition states D. Side chains of protein provide reactive groups that facilitate reaction E. Enzymes shift the equilibrium of a chemical reaction to favor product formationarrow_forward
- Which of the following increases the rate of a reaction? a. cold temperatures b. solid reactants c. increased reactant concentration d. absence of a catalystarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. catalytic dyad b. transition state theory c. hydroxide ion catalysis d. reaction intermediate e. proximity and orientation effectsarrow_forwardInclude a couple of paragraphs about Alkaline Phosphatase. Make sure you describe the following: a. Protein structure b. Cell location c. Reactions involved d. Functions in E. coli and humansarrow_forward
- The rate of removal of alcohol from the bloodstream stays the same, regardless of the concentration of blood alcohol. What term do we use to describe this reaction rate law? A A first order reaction B A zeroth order reaction C A complex order reaction D A second order reactionarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes this reaction ? Choose one: O A. redox O B. condensation C. hydrolysisarrow_forwardA histidine was determined to be the critical residue involved in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. If the pKa of the histidine is known to be 6.5 in the active site and the pH of maximum catalytic activity is 7.2, what is likely the primary role of histidine in the catalytic reaction? A. forms a covalent bond with the substrate B. reduces the entropy of the substrate C. stabilizes a charged intermediate D. acts as a proton donor Aspartate and lysine are in the active site of an enzyme. They are both known to participate directly in catalysis. The pKa's of the residues are found to be 3.2 and 9.6, respectively for aspartate and lysine. The optimum pH for the enzyme is 6.4. Which forms of these two residues will predominate when the enzyme is most active? A. aspartate is protonated; lysine is deprotonated B. both residues are deprotonated C. aspartate is deprotonated; lysine is protonated D. both residues are protonatedarrow_forward
- Which of the following statement is FALSE? a.Catabolic pathways are energetically favorable. b.All energetically unfavourable reactions have a positive delta G. c.Reactions with a positive delta G can occur through reaction coupling with an energetically favourable reaction such that the overall delta G is negative. d.Carbon monoxide is the most energetically favourable form of carbon under normal conditions.arrow_forwardThe concept of determining which reactant is limiting and which is in excess is akin to determining the number of sandwiches that can be made from a set number of ingredients. Assuming that a cheese sandwich consists of 2 slices of bread and 3 slices of cheese, determine the number of whole cheese sandwiches that can be prepared from 36 slices of bread and 51 slices of cheese.arrow_forwardWhat type of reaction is the third step (formation of keto group from a secondary alcohol) of fatty acids degradation? O a. Hydration O b. Reduction O c. Oxidation O d. Hydrolysisarrow_forward
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