Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The portion of the structure of a sphingophospholipid that constitute its tails in the “head and two tails” model has to be stated.
Concept introduction: In sphingophospholipids, the platform molecule is sphingosine to which one fatty acid and one phosphate group are attached. An alcohol is attached to the phosphate group. There are two ester linkages and one amide linkage present in the structure of sphingophospholipids.
(b)
Interpretation: The portion of the structure of a sphingophospholipid that have hydrophilic properties in the “head and two tails” model has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.
There are two ester linkages and one amide linkage must present in the structure of sphingophospholipids.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 19 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Match lipid descriptions in column A with the phospholipid type in column B ✓ H is attached to the phosphate group bound to C3 of glycerol backbone ✓ An amino acid is attached to the phosphate group bound to C3 of glycerol backbone A primary ammonium ion is found in its structure A quaternary ammonium ion is found in its structure A. phosphatidylcholine B. phosphatidylserine C. phospatidylethanolamine D. glycerophospholipidarrow_forwardIt is well known that sphingomyelin interacts with cholesterol and high affinity. What do you suppose is the structural basis for such interactions? Be specific.arrow_forwardConsider olive oil, an oil with a high percentage of fat derived from oleic acid (otherwise known as cis[18:1] fatty acid). a, Explain why such a structure may allow olive oil to be one of the "healthier" oils? b, why such a structure may allow olive oil to be a liquid at room temperature, while butter and lard are solid at room temperature? c, why such a structure may cause olive oil to be prone to oxidative damage upon exposure to air and heat?arrow_forward
- Lefer to the figure showing the molecular structure of dimethylmercury. H–C-Hg C-H H. Exposure of human skin to a single drop of dimethylmercury can lead to death, as it is highly poisonous and passes easily cell membranes. Based on its structure, why is it able to pass so easily through cell membranes? I-0-I IICIHarrow_forwardMatch lipid descriptions in column A with the phospholipid types in column B. H is attached to the phosphate group bound to C3 of glycerol backbone An amino acid is attached to the phosphate group bound to C3 of glycerol backbone A primary ammonium ion is found in its structure A quaternary ammonium ion is found in its structure A. phosphatidylethanolamine B. glycerophospholipid C. phosphatidylcholine D. phosphatidylserinearrow_forwardLipid bilayers comprising high concentrations of gangliosides are very rare. Which of the following explanation is/are true? . Please note, there could be more than one answer. Gangliosides are not used as energy storage molecules. The hydrophobic tails on gangliosides form a conical shape rather than a cylindrical shape making close packing difficult. □ Gangliosides contain large headgroups making close packing difficult Gangliosides contain trans fatty acids resulting in a bent hydrophobic tail making close packing difficult Gangliosides contain several sugar molecules that can only localize to the cytosol preventing bilayer formationarrow_forward
- structurally what is considered the head of a cholesterol moleculearrow_forwardThe melting point of a lipid bilayer of the lipid tails. O increases with increasing chain length, and decreases with increasing amount of unsaturation O increases with increasing chain length, and increases with increasing amount of unsaturation O decreases with increasing chain length, and increases with increasing amount of unsaturation O decreases with increasing chain length, and decreases with increasing amount of unsaturationarrow_forwardGiven the following compounds, assemble the structure of the lipid constituent for the cell membrane appropriate to study the following: a. a thermophilic bacteria thriving in a hot spring b. a hepatocyte of a sea lion in the artic ocean c. a frog neurocytearrow_forward
- Some hormone-signaling pathways result in the phosphorylation of tyrosine resides in proteins. Draw the structure of a phosphotyrosine side chain.arrow_forwardThe figure below illustrates the molecular structures of two fatty acids. A B H₂C The structural formula of erucic acid and behenic acid с H₂C D erucic acid behenic acid Which of the following best explains why erucic acid is liquid at room temperature but behenic acid is solid at room temperature? O OH The presence of a double carbon to carbon bond in erucic acid prevents the molecule from packing closely together. The lack of any double carbon-carbon bonds in behenic acid causes the molecule to be come polar and therefore packed more tightly. The larger number of carbon atoms in erucic acid prevents the molecule from packing tightly together. OH The smaller number of carbon atoms in behenic acid creates stronger covalent bonds between the carbon atoms allowing for them to pack more tightly together.arrow_forwardCan you please describe the specific components that each of these structures are comprised of ( alpha helices and beta sheets) in more detail? Also, what do the different colors represent? Your reply will be greatly appreciated. The ligand that was assigned to me is tadalafil.arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education