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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.
The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.
The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.
(b)
Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.
The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.
The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.
(c)
Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.
The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.
The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.
(d)
Interpretation: Among the terms glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid, the term that can be applied to the given characterization has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which are joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.
The lipids based on glycerol are called glycerophospholipids. They are basically made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group which is esterified to glycerol and an alcohol group which is esterified to the phosphate group.
The lipids that are composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group which is joined with a sphingosine molecule and an alcoholic group is known as sphingophospholipids.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Cholesterol has a fused four – ring core and is part of body membranes. The -OH group on C-3 is the polar head, and the rest of the molecule provides the hydrophobic tail that does not fit into the zigzag packing of the hydrocarbon portion of the saturated fatty acids. Considering this structure, tell whether cholesterol contributes to the stiffening (rigidity) or the fluidity of a membrane.arrow_forwardMatch lipid descriptions in column A with the phospholipid types in column B. H is attached to the phosphate group bound to C3 of glycerol backbone An amino acid is attached to the phosphate group bound to C3 of glycerol backbone A primary ammonium ion is found in its structure A quaternary ammonium ion is found in its structure A. phosphatidylethanolamine B. glycerophospholipid C. phosphatidylcholine D. phosphatidylserinearrow_forwardA common structural feature of membrane lipids is their amphipathic nature. For example, in phosphatidylcholine, the two fatty acid chains are hydrophobic and the phosphocholine head group is hydrophilic. Complete the table by identifying the components that serve as the hydrophobic and hydrophilic units for each membrane lipid.arrow_forward
- Examine the membrane lipid pictured below and answer the following questions: a. Is this lipid classified as a phospholipid or a glycolipid? Explain your answer in two sentences.b. Is this lipid considered a sphingolipid or a glycerophospholipid? Justify your answer in two sentences. c. What fatty acid chains are used in this lipid? Are they saturated or unsaturated? What functional group enables them to connect to the backbone?arrow_forwardThe structure below includes both carbohydrate and lipid portions. A. Circle the portion(s) of the molecule above that would fall in the carbohydrate category. Explain how you can tell that the portion you circled is carbohydrate. How many saccharide monomers are present? B. Would the molecule above work well as a membrane lipid? Explain your answer, using the terms we have learned in lecture and/or the text. You will need to include in your explanation a brief description of the features required for a membrane lipid. C. Are the carbon-carbon double bonds in the structure cis or trans? How does the presence of these carbon-carbon double bonds affect the melting point of this substance (higher, lower, or no affect)? Explain your answer, using term we have learned in lecture and/or the text.arrow_forwardA sphingoglycolipid has a "head and two tails" structure. Classify each of the following components of a sphingoglycolipid as being part of its "head" or part of its "tails." a. Sphingosine b. Fatty acid c. Monosaccharide d. Oligosaccharidearrow_forward
- Cholesterol ( see picture) has a fused four – ring core and is part of body membranes. The -OH group on C-3 is the polar head, and the rest of the molecule provides the hydrophobic tail that does not fit into the zigzag packing of the hydrocarbon portion of the saturated fatty acids. Considering this structure, does cholesterol contribute to the stiffening (rigidity) or the fluidity of a membrane? why or why not?arrow_forwardCholesterol ( above below ) has a fused four – ring core and is part of body membranes. The -OH group on C-3 is the polar head, and the rest of the molecule provides the hydrophobic tail that does not fit into the zigzag packing of the hydrocarbon portion of the saturated fatty acids. Considering this structure, does cholesterol contributes to the stiffening (rigidity) or the fluidity of a membrane? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhy is glucose the most abundant monosaccharide in nature? A. Glucose is the most predominant monosaccharide because it has the most stable structure. E. Glucose is the primary energy source of most living organisms. C. In solution, glucose can exist in three forms, a and B anomers and linear structure D. Various polymeric structures (linear, branched, or helical) are possible with glucose. E. Glucose is quite polar and very soluble in water that comprises 75% of living organisms.arrow_forward
- 8) Define the following terms: a. Hydrophobic b. Hydrophillic 9) Describe the composition of a phospholipid and its relationship with water. Be specific about how the different parts of a phospholipid interact with water.arrow_forwardLipid bilayers are said to behave like two-dimensional fluids. What does this mean?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct? Explain your answers.A. Proteins are so remarkably diverse because each is made from a unique mixture of amino acids that are linked in random order.B. Lipid bilayers are macromolecules that are made up mostly of phospholipid subunits.C. Nucleic acids contain sugar groups.D. Many amino acids have hydrophobic side chains.E. The hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules are repelled from water.F. DNA contains the four different bases A, G, U, and C.arrow_forward
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