Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The portion of the structure of a sphingophospholipids that constitute its head in the “head and two tails” model has to be stated.
Concept introduction: In sphingophospholipids, the platform molecule is sphingosine to which one fatty acid and one phosphate group are attached. An alcohol is attached to the phosphate group. There are two ester linkages and one amide linkage present in the structure of sphingophospholipids.
(b)
Interpretation: The portion of the structure of a sphingophospholipid that have hydrophobic properties in the “head and two tails” model has to be stated.
Concept introduction: In sphingophospholipids, the platform molecule is sphingosine to which one fatty acid and one phosphate group are attached. An alcohol is attached to the phosphate group. There are two ester linkages and one amide linkage present in the structure of sphingophospholipids.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 19 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Match lipid descriptions in column A with the phospholipid types in column B. H is attached to the phosphate group bound to C3 of glycerol backbone An amino acid is attached to the phosphate group bound to C3 of glycerol backbone A primary ammonium ion is found in its structure A quaternary ammonium ion is found in its structure A. phosphatidylethanolamine B. glycerophospholipid C. phosphatidylcholine D. phosphatidylserinearrow_forwardThe melting point of a lipid bilayer of the lipid tails. O increases with increasing chain length, and decreases with increasing amount of unsaturation O increases with increasing chain length, and increases with increasing amount of unsaturation O decreases with increasing chain length, and increases with increasing amount of unsaturation O decreases with increasing chain length, and decreases with increasing amount of unsaturationarrow_forwardGiven the following compounds, assemble the structure of the lipid constituent for the cell membrane appropriate to study the following: a. a thermophilic bacteria thriving in a hot spring b. a hepatocyte of a sea lion in the artic ocean c. a frog neurocytearrow_forward
- Suggest a reason why trans fatty acids have melting points similar to analogous saturated fatty acids.arrow_forwardLefer to the figure showing the molecular structure of dimethylmercury. H–C-Hg C-H H. Exposure of human skin to a single drop of dimethylmercury can lead to death, as it is highly poisonous and passes easily cell membranes. Based on its structure, why is it able to pass so easily through cell membranes? I-0-I IICIHarrow_forwardThe human body uses the branched polymer glycogen for short term storage of glucose in the liver. It is broken down by the stepwise removal of the terminal glucose monomer. Explain why it is an advantage for glycogen to have a branch chain structure rather than a linear structure. (A pargraph would be great)arrow_forward
- New anti-cancer agents are being developed that target fatty acid synthase (FASN) due to a requirement for lipid synthesis to promote tumor cell replication. Describe why an enzyme inhibitor targeted to the following sites would or would not work to inhibit lipid synthesis. Explain your answer. If you’re not sure whether it will work, make an argument for and against it working. ACP site on FASN The dimer interface between monomers of FASN Targeting FASN to mitochondrial matrixarrow_forwardIt is well known that sphingomyelin interacts with cholesterol and high affinity. What do you suppose is the structural basis for such interactions? Be specific.arrow_forwardLipid bilayers comprising high concentrations of gangliosides are very rare. Which of the following explanation is/are true? . Please note, there could be more than one answer. Gangliosides are not used as energy storage molecules. The hydrophobic tails on gangliosides form a conical shape rather than a cylindrical shape making close packing difficult. □ Gangliosides contain large headgroups making close packing difficult Gangliosides contain trans fatty acids resulting in a bent hydrophobic tail making close packing difficult Gangliosides contain several sugar molecules that can only localize to the cytosol preventing bilayer formationarrow_forward
- Consider olive oil, an oil with a high percentage of fat derived from oleic acid (otherwise known as cis[18:1] fatty acid). a, Explain why such a structure may allow olive oil to be one of the "healthier" oils? b, why such a structure may allow olive oil to be a liquid at room temperature, while butter and lard are solid at room temperature? c, why such a structure may cause olive oil to be prone to oxidative damage upon exposure to air and heat?arrow_forwardstructurally what is considered the head of a cholesterol moleculearrow_forwardImagine the main chain of a protein bends back on itself, so that two amino acid residues R, and R, come close to each other. In the table below are four possibilities for what R, and R, might be. In each case, decide whether a specific interaction could form between the residues. If a specific interaction could form, give the name of the interaction. R₁ R₂ threonine cysteine glutamine arginine cysteine tyrosine phenylalanine glutamate specific interaction? Oyes no yes O no O yes O no Oyes O no name of specific interaction 0 0 0 0 Xarrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education