(a) Interpretation: Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in leukotriene C 4 needs to be determined. Concept introduction: Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge. Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxyl acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters. Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group. Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen. Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in leukotriene C₄ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxyl acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in estradiol needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in lecithin must be mentioned

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in fatty acid needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in leukotriene C₄ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxyl acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in estradiol needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in lecithin must be mentioned

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in fatty acid needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in leukotriene C₄ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxyl acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in estradiol needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in lecithin must be mentioned

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in fatty acid needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in leukotriene C₄ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxyl acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in estradiol needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in lecithin must be mentioned

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in fatty acid needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in leukotriene C₄ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxyl acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in estradiol needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in lecithin must be mentioned

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in fatty acid needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in leukotriene C₄ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxyl acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in leukotriene C₄ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxyl acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in estradiol needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in estradiol needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in lecithin must be mentioned

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in lecithin must be mentioned

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in fatty acid needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in fatty acid needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon

Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond

Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.

Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.

Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.

Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.

Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 19.1P Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 19.2P Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 19.3P Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 19.4P Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 19.5P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.6P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.7P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.8P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.9P Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 19.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon. Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids.

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