(a)
To determine: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into
Interpretation: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Concept introduction:
Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in an electronegativity of the atoms in a compound. These sometimes exist as a dimer. Dimers are the compounds that consist of two monomer units connected by bonds or forces. The carboxylic acids can be synthesized from
(b)
To determine: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Interpretation: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Concept introduction: Alkyl halides are the carbon containing compounds in which halogen atoms take the place of hydrogen atoms in alkane molecules. Halogen atoms in alkyl halides act as functional group.
Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in an electronegativity of the atoms in a compound. These sometimes exist as a dimer. Dimers are the compounds that consist of two monomer units connected by bonds or forces. The carboxylic acids can be synthesized from alkynes, alkene, benzene derivatives, alcohol and allylic halides through the use of different reagents.
(c)
To determine: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Interpretation: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Concept introduction: Alkyl halides are the carbon containing compounds in which halogen atoms take the place of hydrogen atoms in alkane molecules. Halogen atoms in alkyl halides act as functional group.
Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in an electronegativity of the atoms in a compound. These sometimes exist as a dimer. Dimers are the compounds that consist of two monomer units connected by bonds or forces. The carboxylic acids can be synthesized from alkynes, alkene, benzene derivatives, alcohol and allylic halides through the use of different reagents.
(d)
To determine: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Interpretation: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Concept introduction: Alkyl halides are the carbon containing compounds in which halogen atoms take the place of hydrogen atoms in alkane molecules. Halogen atoms in alkyl halides act as functional group.
Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in an electronegativity of the atoms in a compound. These sometimes exist as a dimer. Dimers are the compounds that consist of two monomer units connected by bonds or forces. The carboxylic acids can be synthesized from alkynes, alkene, benzene derivatives, alcohol and allylic halides through the use of different reagents.
(e)
To determine: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Interpretation: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Concept introduction: Alkyl halides are the carbon containing compounds in which halogen atoms take the place of hydrogen atoms in alkane molecules. Halogen atoms in alkyl halides act as functional group.
Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in an electronegativity of the atoms in a compound. These sometimes exist as a dimer. Dimers are the compounds that consist of two monomer units connected by bonds or forces. The carboxylic acids can be synthesized from alkynes, alkene, benzene derivatives, alcohol and allylic halides through the use of different reagents.
(f)
To determine: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Interpretation: The two methods for converting given alkyl halide into carboxylic acid covered in Sections
Concept introduction: Alkyl halides are the carbon containing compounds in which halogen atoms take the place of hydrogen atoms in alkane molecules. Halogen atoms in alkyl halides act as functional group.
Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in an electronegativity of the atoms in a compound. These sometimes exist as a dimer. Dimers are the compounds that consist of two monomer units connected by bonds or forces. The carboxylic acids can be synthesized from alkynes, alkene, benzene derivatives, alcohol and allylic halides through the use of different reagents.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
EP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -MOD.MASTERING 18W
- Recalling the reactions of alcohols from Chapter 10, show how to synthesize each compound from an organohalogen compound and an oxirane, followed by a transformation of the resulting hydroxyl group to the desired oxygen-containing functional group.arrow_forwardStarting from acetylene and alkyl halides not longer than 4 carbon atoms, show the synthesis of 3-octanol and a ketone. Indicate the reagents in each step.arrow_forwardAlkynes do not react directly with aqueous acid as do alkenes, but will do so in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate as a Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction occurs with Markovnikov regiochemistry, so the OH group adds to the more highly substituted carbon and the H adds to the less highly substituted carbon. The initial product of the reaction is a vinyl alcohol, also called an enol. The enol immediately rearranges to a more stable ketone via tautomerization. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions -X티 Hö: H-O -CH3 -CH3 H30*arrow_forward
- CH3 Br,/FeBr3 C3H;BrO 5 Using resonance structures, justify whether the acetyl group of compound 5 will direct the bromination reaction to the meta or ortho/para positions.arrow_forwardWhen 2-bromo-2-methylbutane is treated with a base, a mixture of 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1- butene is produced. When potassium hydroxide is the base, 2-methyl-1-butene accounts for 45% of the product mixture. However, when potassium tert-butoxide is the base, 2-methyl-1-butene accounts for 70% of the product mixture. What percent of 2-methyl-1-butene would be in the mixture if potassium propoxide were the base? base Br A. Less than 45% B. C. 45% Between 45% and 70% D. More than 70%arrow_forwardH₂C ཏཱཏི 1 ནི OH 1. Br2, PBг3 2. H₂O H3C OH Br The a-bromination of carbonyl compounds by Br2 in acetic acid is limited to aldehydes and ketones because acids, esters, and amides don't enolize to a sufficient extent. Carboxylic acids, however, can be a-brominated by first converting the carboxylic acid to an acid bromide by treatment with PBr3. Following enolization of the acid bromide, Br2 reacts in an a-substitution reaction. Hydrolysis of the acid bromide completes the reaction. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions :0: H3C Br Br + :::OH2 Br H₂O H3C Br заarrow_forward
- Write four examples of the condensation reactions of carbonyl compounds, starting with benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO), with appropriate reagents and appropriate reactions. Write down the mechanism of one you want in detail.arrow_forwardthe organic compound 2-heptanone, belonging to the ketone family, is responsible for the strong penetrating odor in Roquefort cheeses. Starting from acetylene as the starting reagent, propose a synthesis line with the reaction mechanisms involved for the synthetic obtaining of 2-heptanone and use it as a food additive in analogous cheeses.arrow_forwardWrite a reaction that could be carried out to synthesize 1-(4-methylphenyl)ethanol (reactants will be a combination of Grignard reagent and carbonyl compound).arrow_forward
- Ph3P-CHCH3 H₂C H3C Aldehydes and ketones are converted into alkenes by means of a direct nucleophilic addition called the Wittig reaction. In the reaction, a triphenylphosphorine ylide, also called a phosphorane, adds to an aldehyde/ketone to give a four-membered cyclic intermediate called an oxaphosphetane. The oxaphosphetane is not isolated but instead spontaneously decomposes to release triphenylphosphine oxide and an alkene. CH3 00 + The ylide is formed by reaction of triphenylphosphine, a good nucleophile, with a primary alkyl halide in an SN2 reaction, followed by deprotonation of the carbon with a strong base, such as butyllithium. The carbonyl carbon and the carbon originally bonded to the halogen become the two carbons with the double bond in the product alkene X m CH3 The real value of the Wittig reaction lies in its ability to yield an alkene of predictable structure, as the C=C bond is precisely where the C=O bond was in the reactant and no isomers (other than E/Z isomers)…arrow_forwardHydroboration-oxidation of 2-pentyne gives a mixture of two ketones, each with the molecular formula C5H10O. Propose structural formulas of these two ketones. Explain your proposal.arrow_forwardHow would the following conversion be achieved? Please show the reaction mechanism step by steparrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
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