EP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -MOD.MASTERING 18W
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780136781776
Author: Wade
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Chapter 20, Problem 20.33SP
What do the following pKa values tell you about the electron-withdrawing abilities of nitro, cyano, chloro, and hydroxy groups?
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Chapter 20 Solutions
EP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -MOD.MASTERING 18W
Ch. 20.2C - Prob. 20.1PCh. 20.2C - Name the following carboxylic acids (when...Ch. 20.4B - Rank the compounds in each set in order of...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 20.4PCh. 20.5 - Phenols are less acidic than carboxylic acids,...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 20.6PCh. 20.7A - Prob. 20.7PCh. 20.7B - Prob. 20.8PCh. 20.7D - Draw all four resonance forms of the fragment at...Ch. 20.7D - a. Why do most long-chain fatty acids show a large...
Ch. 20.10 - Prob. 20.13PCh. 20.10 - A carboxylic acid has two oxygen atoms, each with...Ch. 20.10 - Prob. 20.15PCh. 20.10 - The mechanism of the Fischer esterification was...Ch. 20.10 - Prob. 20.17PCh. 20.12 - Show how to synthesize the following compounds,...Ch. 20.13 - Show how you would synthesize the following...Ch. 20.14 - Prob. 20.20PCh. 20.14 - Prob. 20.21PCh. 20.15 - Propose a mechanism for the reaction of benzoic...Ch. 20.15 - Prob. 20.23PCh. 20.15 - Prob. 20.24PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.25SPCh. 20 - Give both IUPAC names and common names for the...Ch. 20 - Draw the structures of the following compounds. a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.28SPCh. 20 - Arrange each group of compounds in order of...Ch. 20 - Predict the products (if any) of the following...Ch. 20 - Rank the following isomers in order of increasing...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.32SPCh. 20 - What do the following pKa values tell you about...Ch. 20 - Given the structure of ascorbic acid (vitamin C):...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.35SPCh. 20 - Show how you would accomplish the following...Ch. 20 - Predict the products and propose mechanisms for...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.38SPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.39SPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.40SPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.44SPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.45SPCh. 20 - Predict the major form of each compound when it is...
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- 1. Write the chemical equation for the acid dissociation of acetaminophen, C8H9O2N. 2. Write the Ka expression for the acid dissociation of acetaminophen.arrow_forwardIf the pKa values for the bases were given, I would know how to solve this but how can I know just by looking at them? Which of the following bases are strong enough to deprotonate CH3CH2CH2C≡CH (pKa = 25), so that equilibrium favors the products? CF3COONa CH3CH2Li NaC≡N NaNH2 NaOH NaHarrow_forwardAmines are weak bases. Table 10.2 in the course textbook provides a list of pKb values for several amines. The pK values for three amines and their structures are shown below. Explain why increased substitution on nitrogen results in an increase of the pKb value. H3C-NH2 PK = 3.36 H3C N-H pKb = 3.27 H₂C' H3C N-CH3 PK = 4.19 H₂Carrow_forward
- 9. Phosphotyrosine (shown below) has four ionizable functional groups (pK1 = 2.5, pKR1 = 2.1, pKr2 = 7.2, pK2 = 9.5). (a) Write the equilibrium equation for its four ionization forms and assign the proper pka for each ionization. DRAW the structure of phosphotyrosine in each ionization state. What is the net charge on the phosphotyrosine molecule in each ionization state? *H3N. pk2 - 9.5 .COOH pK, - 2.5 O=P-OH pKRI - 2.1 ÖH pKRI - 7.2 (b) Draw the titration curve of phosphorotyrosine and indicate each pKa and the isoelectric point (pl), indicate the molar equivalents of OH on the x-axis.arrow_forwardMany multi-step organic reaction mechanisms involve proton transfer steps. For example, the first step of Fischer esterification of carboxylic acids(as shown with acedic acid) is activation of the acid by protonation. Based on your understanding of which reaction pathway is more favorable, explain why using chemical structures.arrow_forwardProvide an explanation without using the pka values : Why is phenol stronger acid than butanoic acid?arrow_forward
- 4. The pk, of vanillin is about 9, which is much more acidic than a normal alcohol. Draw a reaction showing the deprotonation of vanillin with NaOH, and then draw six resonance structures of the conjugate base. Draw the hybrid structure and clearly indicate how the negative charge is distributed in the compound.arrow_forwardDraw the structure of N,N-diethylethanolamine and label the unique proton environmentsarrow_forward5. Give the definition of the inductive effect. What is the reason for its appearance in the molecule? Show the effect of the inductive effect in molecules: bromoethane CH3CH3B1; ethanol CH3CH2OH; fluoroethane CH3CH2F.arrow_forward
- Carbonic acid is a weak di-protic acid, which constitutes an important buffer system in the blood. There, it can dissociate two different protons at two different pka’s. These pka values are 6.4 and 10.2 a) Research the chemistry of this system in your textbook and provide the balanced equilibrium reactions. Start with the formation of carbonic acid from carbondioxide and water and show the reactions where protons dissociate. For each step provide both the chemical formulas and the names of the chemical components. Indicate the above pka values for the appropriate equilibrium reactions b) Provide both the chemical formulas and the names of all molecules shown in a) that can act as i) weak acid and ii) conjugate base at the respective pka valuesarrow_forwardWaste vegetable oil (WVO; e. g. spent deep fryer oil) is often used to produce biodiesel. WVO tends to have relatively high amounts of free fatty acids (FFA) compared to unused vegetable oil. For a base catalyzed process, why might the presence of FFA cause problems? Provide a reaction scheme in your explanation.arrow_forwardConsider a ternary (three-component) system of amphiphile, hydrocarbon, and water. What structure do you expect to form if small amounts of the first two components are mixed with a large amount of water?arrow_forward
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