Chapter 21, Problem 39A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A saponification reaction needs to be explained. A general equation for the saponification of a triglyceride must be provided. The ionic products of a saponification reaction commonly called must also be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Saponification is the hydrolysis of fats which are triester of glycerol with fatty acids.

Answer to Problem 39A

A saponification is the alkaline hydrolysis of fats to produce glycerol and sodium salt of fatty acids.

  

The ionic products are commonly called soaps.

Explanation of Solution

A saponification is the process of hydrolysis of fats in which the three ester groups are broken in presence of NaOH.

The general reaction shows that the triglyceride ester is hydrolyzed in presence of alkali to generate the glycerol and sodium salt of carboxylic acids where R stands for long chain hydrocarbon group which can be saturated or unsaturated.

Sodium salts of long chain carboxylic acids which are obtained in saponification reactions are known as soaps. From the name of soaps the reaction is termed as saponification reaction.

Conclusion

A saponification reaction is explained along with a general equation. The ionic products of a saponification are commonly known as soaps.