Chapter 21, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given compound from benzene is to be suggested.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species that has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species that has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.

Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired electrons, which makes it highly chemically reactive.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is the reaction between benzene and chlorine, or bromine, in the presence of a catalyst.

Electrophilic substitution reaction is the type of reaction in which an electrophile displaces hydrogen from the compound.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction is based on the addition-elimination mechanism.

Activating groups give substitution at the ortho and para positions.

Chlorine is the activating group. It gives two products; one ortho substituted, and the other para substituted.