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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Among the given RNA type, the type that is most closely associated with the given term or description has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is responsible for the synthesis of the molecules that carry out essential cellular functions. There are five types of RNA molecules: heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
(b)
Interpretation: Among the given RNA type, the type that is most closely associated with the given term or description has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is responsible for the synthesis of the molecules that carry out essential cellular functions. There are five types of RNA molecules: heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
(c)
Interpretation: Among the given RNA type, the type that is most closely associated with the given term or description has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is responsible for the synthesis of the molecules that carry out essential cellular functions. There are five types of RNA molecules: heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
(d)
Interpretation: Among the given RNA type, the type that is most closely associated with the given term or description has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is responsible for the synthesis of the molecules that carry out essential cellular functions. There are five types of RNA molecules: heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
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Chapter 22 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Sequence the following steps in protein synthesis from first to last. Write only the numbers (1-6) on space provided for; ____a. transcription ____b. tRNA amino acid ____c. amino acids separate from tRNA ____d. polypeptide chain assembled ____e. mRNA links to ribosome ____f. stop codon encountered in mRNAarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct? explain your answers.A. An individual ribosome can make only one type of protein.B. All mRNAs fold into particular three-dimensional structures that are required for their translation. C. the large and small subunits of an individual ribosome always stay together and never exchange partners.D. ribosomes are cytoplasmic organelles that are encapsulated by a single membrane.E. Because the two strands of DNA are complementary, the mRNA of a given gene can be synthesized using either strand as a template.F. An mRNA may contain the sequence ATTGACCCCGGTCAA.G. the amount of a protein present in a cell depends on its rate of synthesis, its catalytic activity, and its rate of degradation.arrow_forwardSelect the description of an intron. (If possible, please explain why it is that answer) a.) sequence of adenine nucleotides added onto the end of pre‑mRNA b.) modified form of a guanine nucleotide added onto the end of pre‑mRNA c.) coding portion of a DNA sequence that is present in mature mRNA d.) noncoding portion of a DNA sequence that is removed from pre‑mRNAarrow_forward
- Which of the following steps in protein synthesis does not require a direct supply of energy? a. proofreading step by certain aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases b. translocation of mRNA in a ribosome c. linkage of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA d. alignment of a tRNA anticodon with an mRNA codonarrow_forward16) PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: A) Describe the process of protein synthesis. Be sure to use transcription and translation in your answer (and explain the parts involved in each process) B) Why is RNA transcription a necessary process?arrow_forwardThe primary function of a tRNA is to carry amino acids on its ____________ site to a ribosome complex with the help of ____________ Select one: a. 5’ acceptor, endonuclease b. 5’ acceptor, polymerase c. 3’ acceptor, topoisomerase d. 3’ acceptor, amino-acyl synthetasearrow_forward
- When the ribosome "reads" the codon UAG, UGA or UAA... A) the polypeptide is released from ribosome but ribosome continues reading the mRNA B) the proper tRNA enters the ribosome C) translation begins D) polypeptide is released from the ribosome and translation endsarrow_forwardSelect the best answer or answers from the choices given: If DNA has a sequence of AAA, then a segment of mRNA synthesized on it will have a sequence of (a) TTT, (b) UUU, (c) GGG, (d) CCC.arrow_forwardDiscuss why you think the ribosomes need to contain so many proteins and rRNA molecules. Does it seem like a waste of cellular energy to make such a large structure so that translation can occur?arrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNA d. siRNA e. miRNAarrow_forwardEach of the following statements about protein synthesis is false.Correct each to make a true statement. a. In a gene, each nucleotide specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence. b. A transcription factor must bind to the promoter region of a gene before the enzyme DNA synthetase is able to bind and begin transcription. c. The enzyme RNA polymerase builds a strand of transfer RNA, whose codons are complementary to DNA’s triplets. d. Proteins destined for secretion from the cell enter the nucleus after translation, to be folded and modified. e. During translation, amino acids are delivered by the messenger RNA transcriparrow_forwardWhich of the following describes the interactions between a codon and an anticodon? A. A codon and an anticodon become covalently bonded together due to the activity of the ribosome. B. A codon and anticodon do not come into direct contact because codons are in the nucleus but anticodons are in the cytoplasm. C. A codon and anticodon are attracted to each other due to hydrogen bonding. D. A codon and an anticodon are linked together by an amino acid. ..arrow_forward
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