Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The possible codons for the amino acid Valine has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: A three
(b)
Interpretation: The possible codons for the amino acid Serine has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: A three nucleotide sequence in mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid is known as codon. The codons specify the amino acids which are involved in the synthesis of protein.
(c)
Interpretation: The possible codons for the amino acid Glycine has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: A three nucleotide sequence in mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid is known as codon. The codons specify the amino acids which are involved in the synthesis of protein.
(d)
Interpretation: The possible codons for the amino acid Lysine has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: A three nucleotide sequence in mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid is known as codon. The codons specify the amino acids which are involved in the synthesis of protein.
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EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Shown below is a portion of a DNA sequence ( 31 base pairs long ) that encodes the last amino acids of a protein : The first three underlined base pairs indicate the frame and include the coding region . 123456789 A. Write the peptide sequence of the last 6 amino acids of the protein . Label both ends of the peptide . B. A insertion of one base pair causes the protein to decrease in length by 5 amino acids . With respect to the sequence given above , where does this insertion occur , and what base pair will you insert ? C. An change of one base pair leads to the protein to increase in length by one amino acid. With respect to the sequence given above , which base pair would you change ? How would you change this base pair for the protein to increase in length by one amino acid ?arrow_forwardLook at Table 26.3 and find codons for the following amino acids:(a) Val (b) Arg (c) Serarrow_forwardFor the m-RNA nucleotide codons given below, what is the corresponding sequence of amino acids? AUG UGU AUA UAU GUA AUC ACC UUC UAU GUA ACA UUU UGG AAC AGC UGC CAU GUA UAC CAG AAA CUU GCA GAG CUG GCU UUG AUA UGA The α-helices are known to contain primarily the amino acids methionine, alanine, leucine, glutamate, and lysine, while β-pleated sheets are known to primarily contain the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, and threonine. Which one of these two types of secondary protein structure is present with this amino acid sequence?arrow_forward
- Using a table that shows which codon represents which amino acid determine the following: A) The possible codons that encode Serine: B) The amino acids that could be encoded if the 2nd position of the UCA codon that encodes Serine was changed to one of the other 3 bases: C) The amino acids that could be encoded if the 3rd position of the UCA codon that encodes Serine was changed to one of the other 3 bases: D) The amino acids that could be encoded if the 1st position of the UCA codon that encodes Serine was changed to one of the other 3 bases:arrow_forwardHow many cases are there in which it would be possible to identify the first two nucleotides of a codon if the amino acid specified by it is known?arrow_forwardName two enzymes/protein complexes in molecular biology that contain both RNA and protein. What processes are they involved in?arrow_forward
- What are the sequences of all the possible tripeptides that contain the amino acids, serine, leucine and phenylalanine? Use 3-letter abbreviations to express your answer.arrow_forwardSickle cell disease is caused by a so-called “point mutation" in the human B-globin gene. A point mutation is the result of a single base substitution in the DNA encoding a gene. The sickle cell mutation results in substitution of Val for Glu at position 6 in the B-globin protein. (a) Using the information in Figure 5.18 explain how a point muta- tion could change a codon for Glu to a codon for Val. (b) Do you expect the pI for the sickle cell B-globin to be higher or lower than the pl for wild-type B-globin? Explain.arrow_forwardCompare the codons with a pyrimidine, either U or C, as the second base. Do the majority of the amino acids specified by these codons have hydrophobic or hydrophilic side chains?arrow_forward
- We are given a random DNA sequence (each of the 4 bases has equal probability of occurring at each position in the sequence). A. What is the probability that three adjacent bases (a triplet) encode a stop codon? B. What is the probability that a given triplet is not a stop codon? C. What is the probability that neither of two adjacent triplets is a stop codon? D. What is the probability that none of 100 adjacent triplets are stop codons? E. Consider a single base insertion mutation between the 3rd and 4th codons in a natural gene that encodes a protein 100 amino acids long. Is it more likely that the protein produced by this mutant allele will be shorter or longer than 100 amino acids long?arrow_forwardThe genetic code is thought to have evolved to maximize genetic stability by minimizing the effect on protein function of most substitution mutations (single-base changes). We will use the six arginine codons to test this idea. Consider all of the substitutions that could affect all of the six arginine codons.(a) How many total mutations are possible?(b) How many of these mutations are “silent,” in the sense that the mutantcodon is changed to another Arg codon?(c) How many of these mutations are conservative, in the sense that an Argcodon is changed to a functionally similar Lys codon?arrow_forwardHow would a substitution mutation in the third nucleotide position of the codons for alanine and valine affect the resulting protein?arrow_forward
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